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England from 1984 started to develop computer-based interlocking system, at present, as the core railway transportation safety control system, replacing the original 6502 Electric, but with the large-scale development of computer interlocking system also exposed more and more problem. Since many computer-based interlocking system retains nearly 30% of the relay circuit, complex structure, large area, multi-wire, solder joints, this causes high failure rate, anti-interference ability is weak, while interlocking software out of the intellectual property protection considerations, is completely closed, for interlocking software correctness, security, not in-depth control. Software testing is only limited to functional testing, black box testing, the test can not be exhaustive range of functions.
英国从1984年开始研制计算机联锁系统，目前，其作为铁路运输核心安全控制系统，取代了原有6502电气集中，但是随着计算机联锁系统大规模发展的同时也暴露出越来越多的问题。由于很多计算机联锁系统保留了近30％的继电电路，结构复杂，占地面积大，接线多、焊点多、导致故障率高，抗干扰能力弱，同时联锁软件出于对知识产权保护的考虑，是完全封闭的，对联锁软件的正确性、安全性、不能深入控制。软件测试工作也只是局限于功能测试、黑箱测试，测试功能范围都不可能穷尽。
The development of a computer-based interlocking requirements and development
1 计算机联锁的发展要求及发展方向
1.1 Computer Interlocking development requirements
To ensure that rail transport leaps and bounds, give full play to the railway signal factories, engineering units, specialized construction units, electrical service maintenance units role in ensuring the basic security conditions, based on the computer-based interlocking system allows multi-level units become widely participate to achieve an open interlock devices. Computer interlocking system of the ideal state is: ① complete factory production; ② completely standardized design; ③ most simplified construction site; ④ most simplified acceptance mode; ⑤ most simplified maintenance approach; ⑥ most simplified maintenance tools; ⑦ easiest secondary development that free secondary development; ⑧ complete device parameter monitoring function; ⑨ meet the railway traffic automation interface functions.
1.1 计算机联锁的发展要求
为保证铁路运输的跨越式发展，充分发挥铁路信号工厂、工程设计单位、专业施工单位、电务维修单位的作用，在保证其基本安全条件的基础上，让计算机联锁系统成为多级单位广泛参与，共同实现的开放式联锁设备。计算机联锁系统的理想状态就是：①完全的工厂化生产；②完全的标准化设计；③最简化的现场施工；④最简化的验收模式；⑤最简化的维护办法；⑥最简化的维修手段；⑦最简单的二次开发以至于免二次开发；⑧完备的设备参数监测功能；⑨满足铁路行车自动化的接口功能。
1.2 Computer Interlocking direction of development
1.2 计算机联锁的发展方向
1.2.1 Take two squares two systems
UK's current computer interlocking system are: hot standby, two out of three and two by two to take two systems. Hot Standby system problem exists Dual switch, switch failure would have serious consequences for the risk; shielded redundant technology to take two of the three systems, although the possibility of dangerous output is extremely small, but there can not be downtime problems; therefore This year the main technological transformation and new railway lines have given priority to take two squares two systems, two by two computer interlocking system is also taking future trends.
1.2.2 Fully electronic
As manufacturing technology continues to improve, the electronic unit to get the vigorous development of electronic unit with a small, powerful features; facilitate networking, remote management and remote diagnostics. Thus, with the Ministry of Science and continues to progress, to get rid of the relay, using fully electronic computer interlocking will be a trend.
1.2.3 Modular
For ease of use and maintenance of computer interlocking should move towards modular, functional direction to achieve the module line replacement, saving the system maintenance time.
2 full electronic modular computer interlocking system features and functions
2.1 Fully electronic interlocking modular computer system with the characteristics
2.1.1 hardware configuration
Fully electronic interlocking modular computer system using industrial control technology, the abolition of all 6502 relay module is in direct control of the outdoor unit switch machines, signals machines, track circuits, in a clear, comprehensive fault diagnosis and fault indication and all modules support hot-swappable capabilities, cabinet wiring with plug-in cable directly correspond noseplate will minimize the amount of construction, the use of direct replacement module, the first maintenance after analyzing ways to achieve "fool" the construction and maintenance.
2.1.2 Software constitutes
Interlocking Software should break the current computer interlocking system interlock seclusion other barriers to achieve an open source code level, and its "messaging" and "module assembled" interlocking ideas and original 6502 15 network cable and Puzzles designed in a way similar to the implementation of modular, trained technical personnel should be able to cope with any new station interlocking software design and debugging, testing to ensure early detection can minimize and resolve software in a variety of potential security risks, computer-aided design system refers to the user input station plan and set the necessary parameters, you can automatically generate interlock programs and data to minimize human error.
2.2 Full computer interlocking system should have the function
2.2.1 achieve the basic functions and special interlock interlock function
Achieve progress on the road turnout, signal and track circuit interlock properly to ensure correct and train running into the road safety, to meet all of the interlock function 6502, the main features include: ① handle all stations train route, shunting into the road and roundabout approach. Equipment failure can be handled in the boot and boot into the path of total lockdown. ② The end is always handled two ways. Shunting into the road at once handled by a few basic approach consisting grow way, can also be handled by one segment. ③ signals belonging to the hostile approach, can not open. Only checked into the path of all track sections idle, all the relevant switch position is correct and has been locked in position, according to investigate and correct the hostile relations, the signal to open. ④ having a signal normally closed function, special off function to prevent automatic repeat function open signals and artificial repeat open feature. ⑤ with approach automatically unlock, halfway back to unlock, unlock cancellation approach, labor and trouble unlocking unlock approach into the road. ⑥ having separate operation functions turnout.
According to the special requirements of stations to achieve special interlocking relationships, such as: single hook slide release function, stock Road middle Chucha feature non shunting into the road, continuing into the road, local control station or turnouts and clinical linkages interval occlusion.
2.2.2 The flexible system configuration function
Fully electronic interlocking modular computer system using three-layer structure, the upper PC, Could it be an opportunity, then layer; upper layer via a communication network and the second interlocking machine communication; third layer is 10 module execution units.
According selection of different composition interlocking machine can achieve hot standby interlock fault tolerant computer or three takes two interlocking squares two computers or take two interlocking computer systems.
2.2.3 Monitoring Function
System without adding any other device, to achieve the indoor and outdoor equipment, the basic parameters and status monitoring.
2.2.4 History graphic reproduction function
System has a complete record function, can store a year's information, which includes: driving job handling information, station graphics (signals, turnouts, track sections and other field device status) information, reflecting the system runs a variety of data . Adjustable recording system for any period of time all the data for playback to reproduce the real situation of the system at that time, as the cause of the accident analysis provide a convenient tool.
2.2.5 improve self-diagnostic function
System through the readback, software and other technology to achieve the dual coding failure to board-level self-diagnosis.
2.2.6 maintenance and remote diagnostics
System capable of recording all operations and signaling equipment status; monitoring and reporting system failures; easily query a variety of information stored in the memory; storage and print records; through the network system http://www.ukassignment.org/dxygtermpaper/ failure can notify to the remote maintenance department, the maintenance department may need to dispatch technicians to repair the corresponding remote diagnostics.
2.2.7 Implementation and other information systems binding function
The system has the oversight and scheduling, dispatching centralized systems such as communication. To achieve information sharing between stations.
2.2.8 weakening function with fault
System interlocking machine either hot standby, take two or three squares two take two, the input and output layer IO modules are used within "two to take two" to protect the "fail safe backward", that is, each module has two sets of circuits. Interlocking system of partial failure does not affect the safe operation of equipment in the case of systems with fault weakening function.
3 Conclusion
Full computer control of railway signal interlocking system is a new generation of interlock devices, systems to computer control technology as the core, power electronic switching technology based on the use of electronic means, the use of computer communications, automatic detection and other advanced technologies, to achieve full electronic control computer of the railway signal interlocking equipment, small, powerful, easy networking, for railway automation, information technology to provide basic information, remote management and remote diagnostics, railway signaling professional development.
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