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美国经济学Essay格式范文

论文价格: 免费 时间:2015-09-28 10:41:34 来源:www.ukassignment.org 作者:留学作业网

首先我们谈谈什么是Essay?

Essay就是短文,小文章的意思,他涵盖的面很广。在欧美留学生的作业中,很多都是essay格式来完成的。

Essay的写作相对Report要简单一些。通常只包括三个部分,绪论(Introduction),主体(Main Body),结论(Conclusion)。绪论(Introduction)包括选题(topic)的背景介绍和文章要解决的主要问题,通常占总字数的10%左右。主体(Main Body)占总字数80%左右。如果题目中作了具体要求,就根据题目提到的几个方面来逐一讨论就可以了。有的题目没有作具体要求,就根据自己的构思来写。但要求有逻辑性。结论(Conclusion)也是占10%,在这一段里把文章中的主要观点用一到两句话概括出来。Essay 可以不写题目,不要把小标题加粗。Reference的写作是两种形式都要涉及的,我放在最后来详细说。而英国ESSAY 采用的是世界通用的哈佛格式, 当然这个格式中国不同的,写这样的essay,必须借助到数据库, 国内论文什么样子,估计大家都知道,很多中国本科去英国读硕士都遇到不会写论文的事情。

本文分析了经济全球化和气候变化之间的协同作用。奥勃良(2000)称,自工业革命以来,大气中温室气体的浓度增加了一倍。在过去的一个世纪中,全球平均地表温度上升了0.3~0.6,海平面上升了10厘米到25厘米。作者认为,这种变化是由于人为地持续的气氛和其他人类活动的组成。作者还提到了双重曝光的概念。欧布莱恩(2000)说,双曝光在一些特定的地区,部门的情况,或生态系统面临的气候变化和经济全球化的影响。
 
A Summary of “Double Exposure: Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change within the Context of Economic Globalization”

The article postulates a synergism between economic globalization and climate change. O’Brien (2000) says,since the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has been doubled. In the past century, the global mean surface temperature has increased by 0.3 - 0.6 ℃, and the sea level has risen from 10 cm to 25 cm. The author believes that this change is due to artificially sustained composition of the atmosphere and other human activities. The author also mentions a concept of double exposure. As O’Brien (2000) says, double exposure as the cases in which some particular regions, departments, or ecosystems is confronted by the influences of climate change and economic globalization.

The author’s main conclusions include the following four aspects: first, he considers that there is not only a causal relationship between climate change and economic globalization, the relationship should be synergism. The author uses the following examples to explain the synergism: changes in the global warming will cause the changes in precipitation and dry climate conditions in different areas, which leads to changes in the economic structure of countries all over the world; since the Industrial Revolution, with the rapid growth of the world population, water consumption has increased quickly; what is more, water pollution also has become very serious. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have increased continuously, which will change the earth's atmospheric composition. Second, he reports that the synergism of climate change and economic globalization has complex impacts. The impacts they produce may cancel each other, or be superimposed on each other, resulting in the appearance of double winners and losers in both environmental and economic aspects. Third, in judging whether there are winners or losers, he thinks that it should not evaluate only from a certain aspect, but from economic, social and environmental aspects to evaluate and analyze. Finally, the author concludes that as economic globalization and climate change appear simultaneously, a policy may be able to address the negative impact of a certain aspect, but it may bring negative effects of another aspect. Thus we should be from an overall and long-term perspective to make policies to achieve better results. Although the author fails to explicitly put forward a concrete solution on global climate change, the author shows another novel idea: the environmental issue is not a single problem for every country. To solve the problem involves both political and economic aspects of a country. Facing the increasingly serious environmental problems, each country should balance the relationship among economic, social and environmental aspects.
 
References文献

O’Brien K. (2000). Double exposure: Assessing the impacts of climate change within the context of economic globalization. Retrieved from Google Scholar Database.
 
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