|
Intended Learning Objective 预期学习目标
在这节课结束后,您应该能够描述企业社会责任(CSR)的出现作为一个跨学科的研究领域在全球化的背景下正式写作在企业社会责任主要是二十分之一世纪现象(卡罗尔1999)。这个词之前,企业社会责任的概念进入共同使用在1990年代,术语“慈善”和“慈善事业”在商界普遍。At the end of this lecture, you should be able to Describe the emergence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a cross-disciplinary field of study in the context of globalisation Formal writing on corporate social responsibility is largely a twentieth century phenomenon (Carroll 1999). Before the term and the concept of corporate social responsibility came into common usage in the 1990s, the terms “charity” and “philanthropy” were prevalent in business circles. 企业社会责任这个词出现在1970年代的公司丑闻但直到1980年代末和1990年代初,全球企业社会责任成为一个受欢迎的概念。
The term CSR appeared in 1970s but it was not until the corporate scandals of the late 1980s and the early 1990s that CSR became a popular concept globally.
Critical events and issues 1970s
Apartheid era South Africa - racial discrimination
Nestle - marketing of breast milk substitute 1980s
Union Carbide in Bhopal, India – environment, health and safety 1990s
Shell in North Sea (Brent Spar) - environment
Shell in Nigeria (Ogoni) - distribution of resources
BP in Colombia - security forces and complicity
Carpet Industry: Pakistan and India – child labour, bounded labour
Apparel industry- Bangladesh – child labour
Nike, Adidas in Pakistan - child labour
Premier oil in Myanmar: complicity in repressive regime 2000s
Mars, Cadbury, Hershey, Ivory Coast - child labour
Talisman in Sudan - complicity in repressive regime
Globalisation has produced two distinct effects that demand the greater corporate social responsibility (Scherer and Palazzo 2007)
• Race to bottom and
•Regulatory vacuum
EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION
The race to bottom effect implies the increased mobility of firms in search of low wages, reduced costs, reduced taxes and weak trade unions and the increased pressure on states to weaken the regulatory environment to attract investment from firms.
The regulatory vacuum effect stands for the involvement of firms in creating transnational problems which a single national government cannot solve and global mechanisms do not exist to “penalise the deviant behaviour of corporations” (p423. ).
International law, which is designed to regulate relations among states, is inadequate to deal with the firms while national laws are geographically bounded and their application follows the economic and political interests of national government.
The two effects of globalisation – race to bottom and the regulatory vacuum – can be viewed as what Bauman (1999:120 quoted in Davis 2008) calls:
The progressive separation of power from politics which denotes the mismatch between the flows of power that criss-cross and transcend national boundaries and the political structures which can only act locally.
SEPARATION OF POWER FROM POLITICS
To prevent the abuse of corporate power
To employ corporate power for accomplishing societal goals
To reconnect politics and power by evaluating policies, actions and activities of corporations
To reform and humanise
|
 |
|||
| 网站地图 |
