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Summary总结
澳大利亚人类学家托姆·凡·多伦（Thom van Dooren）于2014年撰写的《飞行方式：灭绝边缘的生命与损失》一书呼吁人们更多地关注我们周围每天发生的灭绝，参与保护和保护生物多样性。作为这个星球的一部分，即使只是小动作。作为灭绝研究领域的领军人物，托姆·范·多伦将哲学见解与自然科学知识结合起来，向我们传达了一个重要信息，即当前大规模灭绝的伦理意义。
The book titled “Flight Ways: Life and Loss at the Edge of Extinction”, composed by Australian anthropologist Thom Van Dooren and published in 2014, called on people to pay more attention to extinctions happening everyday around us, taking part in the protection and conservation of biodiversity as a part of this planet, even just by small actions. As a leading figure in the field of extinction studies, Thom Van Dooren incorporated philosophy insights into his words, together with knowledge of natural sciences, transmitted an important message to all of us regarding the ethical significance of current mass extinctions.
在这本书中，Dooren描述了像乌鸦和城市企鹅这样濒临灭绝的生命是如何在艰难的环境和恶化的环境中生存下来的。在接受《国家地理》杂志采访时，他说，这本书的主要目的是从民族、历史和人种学的角度重新思考和反映在现代灭绝背景下人文学科所扮演的角色。用他的话说，他对当今物种的灭绝速度正在迅速加快这一事实表示担忧，这一速度几乎与恐龙灭绝时的速度相同。
In this book, Dooren depicted how endangered lives like grieving crows and urban penguins managed to survive under tough situations and deteriorating environment. During his interview with the National Geographic magazine, he said that the main purpose of this book was to rethink and reflect the role of humanities play under modern context of extinctions, from ethnic, historic and ethnographic perspectives. In his words, he expressed concerns on the fact that nowadays the rate of extinction in species is rapidly speeding up, reaching up to almost the same one as when dinosaurs were all gone.
当人们对其他物种的灭绝漠不关心时，他提到了“哀悼疲劳”，这可能是人们不太关心灭绝事件的次要原因之一。然而，造成这种现象的主要原因仍然是社会对减少生物多样性缺乏认识。更重要的是，为了揭示那些处于灭绝边缘的物种的独特性，我们需要真正理解是什么使得灭绝变得更为重要。在他看来，“没有单一的灭绝悲剧”，也就是说，在每一个物种的灭绝案例背后都有一个故事，而这些案例尚未被发现。
While towards the indifference of people felt about the extinctions of other species, he mentioned the phrase “mourning fatigue”, probably one of the minor reasons why people do not care so much about extinction events. Yet the major cause of this phenomenon still goes to the lack of awareness in the society concerning decreasing biodiversity. More importantly, in order to uncover the uniqueness of those species at the edge of extinction, we need to really comprehend what makes extinction matters in depth. In his point of view, “there is not a single extinction tragedy”, meaning that a story lies behind extinction cases of each one of them, which yet to be discovered.
In this interview, Dooren also expressed his understanding towards the term “human exceptionalism” that he used also in the book. He explained that it was the superiority humans stand over all of the rest species that resulted in these indifferent feelings towards them. And more people need to realize the importance of other beings, as they are an irreplaceable part of our homeland, so that they could rejoin “the community of life”.
In a sum, this book recovered a way of responding ethically to extinctions by telling lively stories of birds, reminding us of the valuable positions they sit at within both the ecosystem and our daily lives.
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