荷兰留学生assignment莱顿大学作业指导：对外贸易关系法WTO & EU External Trade R

In giving your answers, please state your reasons clearly, and cite legal precedents (notably, treaty provisions, case law) where possible.在给你的答案，请清楚地说明你的理由，并引用法律先例（值得注意的是，条约规定，判例法）在可能的情况下。
Apply the law as you understand it to the facts.  Remember: merely rehearsing abstract legal principles is not sufficient. Your clients appreciate concrete advice.你所理解的事实，适用法律。记住：仅仅排练抽象的法律原则是不够的。你的客户欣赏具体的建议。
You are being asked to review two hypotheticals. The maximum points you can obtain for each question is 50, bringing the total up to a maximum of 100.你被要求审查两个假想智慧。你可以得到的最高点，为每个问题是50个，荷兰assignment定制使总数达到最多100个。
Good luck!
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1. The EU Commission is thinking hard on how it can support and encourage the new régimes emerging in the Arab countries. “Trade not aid” is a slogan gaining currency again. Yet opening fully our borders to agricultural imports from these countries will likely be opposed by the powerful agricultural lobbies in the EU. A different concern is raised by the European chemical industry: if we fully open our borders to chemical imports, this will likely create competitive distortions as several Arab countries have easy access to oil, a key input to local petrochemical companies.1。欧盟委员会正努力思考如何支持和鼓励新政权在阿拉伯国家出现。 “贸易而非援助”是一个口号，再次获得的货币。然而，完全开放我们的边界，从这些国家的农产品进口将有可能在欧盟的强大的农业游说团体的反对。欧洲化学工业提出一个不同的关注：如果我们完全开放我们的边界化工进口，这可能会创造竞争扭曲，因为一些阿拉伯国家很容易获得石油，当地石化企业的一个关键输入。
 

EU Trade Commissioner De Gucht is looking to you for advise: is it problematic under WTO law for him to propose a new series of free trade agreements with those Arab countries which have instituted more democratic processes, offering 0% customs duties on all imports except agricultural and chemical products?欧盟贸易专员德古赫特寻找你的建议：根据WTO的法律问题，他提出了一系列新的自由贸易协定，与阿拉伯国家已经制定了更多的民主进程，提供0％的关税，对所有进口农产品除外化工产品？
 

2. “Electric toothbrushes keep teeth healthier and cleaner,”  so we have been reading for some time now in advertisements of Philips Electronics based in Amsterdam. The new Dutch government appears to be listening. Announced as an attempt to reduce spending on public healthcare (notably, reducing reimbursements of dentist’s fees through public health insurance), the Dutch government plans to reduce the Value Added Tax (VAT) on electric toothbrushes from 21 to 4%.  Philips still has a 55% market share in electronic toothbrushes in the Netherlands, though Chinese and Taiwanese manufacturers of these electronic gizmos are quickly catching up. 2。 “电动牙刷保持牙齿健康和清洁，”所以我们一直在阅读一段时间，现在总部设在阿姆斯特丹的飞利浦电子广告。荷兰新政府似乎要听。作为一种尝试，以减少公共医疗卫生的支出（特别是通过公共医疗保险，牙医的费用降低报销）宣布，荷兰政府计划减少应交增值税（进项税额）21日至4％的电动牙刷。飞利浦电动牙刷在荷兰仍具有55％的市场份额，这些电子小玩意，虽然中国和台湾制造商正在迅速赶上来。
 

The Vietnamese federation of exporters of regular toothbrushes, with plastic handles, is quite concerned about the Dutch plans (which may spread to other EU Member States).  Vietnamese exporters have displaced most other suppliers, and now hold close to an 80% share of the market for regular toothbrushes in the Netherlands. The Vietnamese worry that the considerable reduction in VAT on electric toothbrushes will be to their disadvantage, and may encourage many people to switch from regular to electric toothbrushes. They ask your advice whether Vietnam has legal grounds to challenge the Dutch government’s plans in the WTO.越南联合会出口商经常牙刷，塑料手柄，是相当关心荷兰计划（这可能会蔓延到其他欧盟成员国）。越南出口商已经取代了大多数其他供应商，现在持有接近普通牙刷在荷兰市场80％的份额。越南担心大大减少增值税电动牙刷将是他们的缺点，并可能鼓励许多人定期切换到电动牙刷。越南是否有挑战荷兰政府计划在WTO的法律依据，他们向你请教。