
Academic Appendices: Organising Supporting Material and Questionnaire Items
An appendix should make supporting material traceable without displacing the argument from the main text. Its labels, callouts and source acknowledgements need to follow the style and course requirements being used.
The questionnaire items are retained as an appendix example. They should not be treated as a newly validated measurement instrument or a universal formatting template.
Analysis framework | English source material | Conclusion | Related reading
Reading and Analysis Framework
| Dimension | Evidence and writing action | Interpretation limit |
|---|---|---|
| Selection | Separate essential reasoning from supplementary instruments or detail. | An appendix does not repair an unsupported claim in the main text. |
| Navigation | Give each appendix a meaningful label and refer to it in the text. | Readers should not have to guess why a document is included. |
| Reporting | Identify sources, item wording and the status of the instrument. | A sample questionnaire is not proof that its measures are validated. |
English Writing Guide and Example
An appendix serves both the reader and the writer of a research paper. In the appendix, writers can include material that supports their theses but that would be distracting in the text of a given paper. Such material might include detailed descriptions of equipment, relevant mathematical proofs, research questionnaires or a detailed description of a cited author's intent. If you find yourself going off on a tangent in your paper, but you also feel that the discussion is relevant and helpful to the reader, it may belong in an appendix.
Step 1: Use the title "Appendix" if you are writing only one appendix. If you are writing more than one appendix, label them "Appendix A," "Appendix B," and so forth. Center the title at the top of the page, and drop down two lines to make the first entry.
Step 2: Develop separate appendices for different types of supporting materials, advises the Purdue University Online Writing Lab. For example, tables might go in one appendix; detail from another author's research in another.
Step 3: Pull out relevant supporting information from the source and condense it in your own words. You may use anything that supports your paper as long as you referred to the source in your paper. You are not writing a synopsis, which would be a summary of an entire book or article, and you are not writing an abstract, which would be a synopsis with critical commentary. Adhere only to information you actually cite in your paper.
Step 4: Add a short introduction and conclusion for each appendix, advises Penn State University's document "Writing Guidelines for Engineering and Science Students." The introduction should explain why certain material is in the appendix or point out possible reader confusions, given that the reader is seeing the information out of context. The conclusion might explain the significance of the data, explain the related research methodology or make another relevant remark.
Step 5: Format each entry according to the citation style guide that your professor or industry expects.
Set of Statements Used for Developing Required Constructs for the Study I Statements for measuring association between supplementary services and functional risk
1. Separate charges for some extra facilities are worth their value like petrol and railway ticket purchases.
2. Additional benefi ts help in meeting all my fi nancial needs.
3. Additional benefi ts are appropriately designed to meet fi nancial requirements.
4. Additional facilities with a credit card meet my expectations.
5. I would prefer to have added benefi ts with my credit card.
6. * Additional facilities with a credit card increase its usage value.
7. * Buying airline / railway tickets by using a credit card at special counters save time.
8. * Through an add-on card other family members can also use the credit card.
9. * I do not face the problem of inadequate cash because of ATM access, cash advance and cash withdrawal facilities with my credit card.
10. * ATM access, cash advance and cash withdrawal and other facilities help to meet my fi nancial requirements effectively.
11. * These statements were judged to be of high value by the experts and considered as major components of the construct towards association of functional risk and supplementary services.
II Statements for measuring association between supplementary services and psychological risk
1. Protection against loss or damage from fi re for items purchased through credit card provides me with a sense of security.
2. People give recognition and attention, if purchases are made through credit card.
3. I feel proud while making purchases through credit cards.
4. It is easy to make a purchase decision on the basis of additional benefi ts.
5. I feel delighted to have extra benefi ts with my credit card.
6. * * I feel good about my decision to have additional facilities with my credit card.
7. * * I feel myself in safe hands due to zero / limited lost card liability.
8. * * I prefer to have recognition and attention, if purchases are made through credit card.
9. * * Additional facilities like ATM access, cash withdrawal, etc with credit card provides me with a sense of security.
10. * * My family members are not dependent on me to use credit card due to add-on card availability.
Conclusion and Writing Takeaways
Include material because it helps readers inspect the work. Make the connection to the main argument explicit and verify the required page order; for APA Style, appendices follow references and any end-positioned notes, tables and figures.
Further Primary Sources
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