一、关联词的类型
1.And 并列关系
(and)in addition/and/similarly/likewise/as well as/besides/furthermore/also/moreover/too/not only ... but/even/besides this/that
2.Sequence 顺序 (then)
出现的时候表示列举
first/initially/second etc./to begin with/then/next/earlier/later/following this/that/afterwards
3.Consequence 结果 (so)
前面是后面的结果/也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了
as a result/thus/so/therefore/consequently/it follows that/thereby/eventually/in that case/admittedly
4.Contrast 转折 (but )
表对前面论述的转折/一般后面才是作者观点
however/on the other hand/despite/in spite of/though/although/but/on the contrary/otherwise/yet/instead of/rather/whereas/nonetheless/in contrast
5.Certainty 确定 (of course)
强烈的确定/后面是作者的坚定论点
obviously/certainly/plainly/of course/undoubtedly
6.Condition 条件/ 因为 (if )
后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。
if/unless/whether/provided that/Given that /for/so that/whether/depending on
7.Time 时间 (when)
before/since/as/until/meanwhile/at the moment/when/whenever/as soon as/just as
8.Summary 总结 (in a word)
作者的最后总结
in conclusion/in summary/lastly/finally/to sum up/to conclude/to recapitulate
9.Example 举例 (for example)
for example/for instance/just as/in particular/such as/namely 也就是
10.Reason 原因 (because)
since/as/so/because (of)/due to/owing to/the reason why/in other words/leads to
二、Essay写作中连接词的应用
1.引出开头
①It is well-known to us that……(我们都知道……)=As far as my knowledge is concerned, …( 就我所知…)
②Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. =Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……问题引起了关注)
③Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(现今,人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题)
④Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought alot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色,它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题)
⑤With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more people believe that……(随着科技的迅速发展,越来越多的人认为……)
⑥It is a common belief that……=It is commonly believed that……(人们一般认为……)
⑦A lot of people seem to think that……(很多人似乎认为……)
⑧It is universally acknowledged that + 句子(全世界都知道...)
2.表达不同观点
①People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……(人们对……的观点因人而异,有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……)
②People may have different opinions on……(人们对……可能会持有不同见解)
③There are different opinions among people as to……(对于……人们的观点大不相同)
3.表示结尾
①In short, it can be said that……(总之,他的意思是……)
②From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……(从上面提到的,我们可以得出结论……)
③Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……(把所有的这些因素加以考虑,我们自然可以得出结论……)
④Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……(因此,我们最好的出这样的结论……)
⑤There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.(毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点)
⑥All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.(总之,我们没有……无法生活,但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题)
4.提出建议
①It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).(该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了)
②There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……(毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够重视)
③Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……(显然,如果我们想要做么事,很重要的是……)
④Only in this way can we ……(只有这样,我们才能……)
⑤Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)
5.预示后果
①Obviously,if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.(很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险)
②No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……(毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,否则我们很可能会……)
③It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation(很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展)
6.表示论证
①From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来,支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理) #p#分页标题#e#
②I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……(我无法完全同意这一观点)
③As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……(就我来说……)
④I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.(我真诚地相信……)
⑤Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……(最后,坦率地说,还有另外一个实际的原因……)
7.给出原因
①The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)
②This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third,……。这一现象存在有很多原因的,第一……第二……第三……
③For one thing,…… For another thing,…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……
④I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述,即……。其主要原因如下。
8.列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法
①The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……
②As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言,……
③It is obvious that……很显然……
④It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的,但这并不意味着……
⑤It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的,但我们不应忽视……
⑥There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……
9.表示好处和坏处
①It has the following advantages.它有如下优势
②It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处
③It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处
10.采取措施
①We should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施
②We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难
③We should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……
④We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难
11.进行比较
①Compared with A,B……与A比较,B……
②I prefer to read rather than watch TV.