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SCM Assignment范文:Impact of Supply Chain Strategies on Performance (附问卷)

论文价格: 免费 时间:2022-12-06 15:44:19 来源:www.ukassignment.org 作者:留学作业网

SCM Assignment范文-供应链战略对绩效的影响,本文是一篇供应链管理方向留学生assignment写作范文,主要内容是讲述供应链管理(SCM)的概念是为了解决组织职能的整合问题而引入的,从原材料的订购和接收到制造过程,再到产品的分发和交付到客户,以使组织能够实现更高的产品质量和客户服务,并降低库存成本,由于其巨大的潜在竞争影响,近年来吸引了大量管理层的关注。然而,经验表明,管理者采用各种不同的方法来实现SCM。在此背景下,设计一个有效的供应链网络已成为任何公司在激烈竞争的市场中生存的关键问题。SCM关注组织的几个相关因素和活动的问题和特征,如需求预测、采购、制造、分销、库存、运输和客户服务,由此产生的综合方法扩展到客户和供应商。考虑到所有这些方面的影响,为了使供应链管理更加有效,在印度普遍的工业情景下,供应链管理中的一些问题已经变得重要。下面就一起来看一下这篇SCM Assignment范文的全部内容。

Assignment格式范文

Introduction 引言

The concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM), introduced to address the issue of integration of organizational functions ranging from the ordering and receipt of raw materials through the manufacturing processes to the distribution and delivery of products to customers with a view to enable organizations to achieve higher quality in products and customer service and to lower inventory cost, has attracted considerable managerial attention in recent times mainly because of its huge potential competitive impact (Stevens, 1989). Experience, however, demonstrates that managers adopt a variety of disparate approaches to SCM implementation. In this context, design of an effective supply chain network has become a crucial issue for any company to survive in a fiercely competitive market. The SCM concerns with issues and characteristic features of several interrelated factors and activities of an organization, such as demand forecasting, procurement, manufacturing, distribution, inventory, transportation, and customer service, and the resulting integrated approach is extended to customers and suppliers (Christopher, 1992). Considering the implications of all these aspects, a number of issues in SCM have assumed importance in the context of prevailing industrial scenario in India in order to make SCM more effective.

Numerous papers have been published in the literature advocating the principles and the benefits of SCM [Beesley (1997), Lurquin (1996), Mason-Jones and Towill (1998), and Towill (1996)]. Many case studies have also been published evidencing the benefits of SCM [Arntzen, et al., (1995), Calza and Passaro (1997), and Lee and Billington (1995)]. There are several studies on SCM practices in different countries reported in the literature [Gilmour et al. (1995), Handfield and Withers (1993), Cilliers and Nagel (1994), McMullan (1996), Cox (1999)], and it is felt that an effort on design and development of SCM practices including issues, such as IT application, performance measures used, and barriers of SCM implementation is very much needed in India.

文献中发表了许多论文,提倡SCM的原则和益处。许多案例研究也已发表,证明SCM的益处,报道了一些关于不同国家SCM实践的研究,印度非常需要SCM实施的障碍。

On reviewing the existing SCM literature, several major weaknesses in the conceptualization and modeling of SCM are found. In particular, the SCM construct is perceived as an extension of integrated purchasing and supply management, or integrated logistics and transportation management. It appears that a coherent view on SCM concept has yet to develop in the existing literature, and it makes a prerequisite to conduct a survey on the important issues of SCM before a comprehensive methodology for supply chain performance measurement and evaluation system for the Indian Tyre manufacturing industries is prescribed. This paper reports the details of a questionnaire-based survey to study the status and scope of SCM practices in Indian Tyre manufacturing companies and also provides a brief overview of the similar surveys on SCM already undertaken in different industries.

在回顾现有的供应链管理文献的基础上,发现了供应链管理概念化和建模方面的几个主要弱点。特别是,供应链管理结构被认为是综合采购和供应管理,或综合物流和运输管理的延伸。现有文献中似乎还没有对供应链管理概念形成一致的观点,在为印度轮胎制造业制定供应链绩效衡量和评估系统的综合方法之前,对供应链的重要问题进行调查是前提。本文报告了一项基于问卷调查的详细情况,以研究印度轮胎制造公司供应链管理实践的现状和范围,并简要概述了不同行业已经开展的供应链管理类似调查。

Objectives of the Survey 调查的目的

The primary objective of the survey is to explore and understand, in quantitative terms wherever possible, the issues in SCM practices and concerns of the Tyre manufacturing industries in India.

调查的主要目的是尽可能从数量上探讨和了解印度轮胎制造业供应链管理实践中的问题和担忧。

In specific terms, the objectives are related to the following aspects:具体而言,目标涉及以下方面

• Present status and scope of SCM practices;供应链管理实践的现状和范围

• Role of Information Technology (IT) in SCM;信息技术在SCM中的作用

• Performance measures used in SCM,CM中使用的绩效指标

• Benefits of employing SCM practices; and 采用SCM实践的好处

• Specific issues hindering SCM practices.阻碍SCM实践的具体问题

It is assumed that addressing the above-mentioned issues, as all of them are related to SCM strategies and practical constraints, would lead to understanding the status and scope of SCM practices in Indian Tyre manufacturing industries. Presently, the majority of the Indian companies have a weak alignment of supply chain strategy with business strategy. This is primarily so because the companies are rigidly structured along functional lines with department-specific performance measures.

假设解决上述问题,因为所有这些问题都与供应链管理战略和实际约束有关,将有助于了解印度轮胎制造业供应链管理实践的现状和范围。目前,大多数印度公司的供应链战略与商业战略的一致性较弱。这主要是因为公司严格按照职能部门的具体绩效指标进行组织。

Survey Methodology 调查方法

A survey instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, is used in order to fulfill the objectives as mentioned. The questionnaire designed for the survey, will be conducted during December, 2010, for nearly 18 companies covering Tyre manufacturing industry in various regions of the country. Various lists of manufacturing companies, Internet websites of the companies, and personal contacts were the main sources for obtaining information about the companies and creating a database. The companies were selected randomly from the database. Although the survey will be conducted for a specific time period, the issues considered remain highly relevant for understanding the operating principles, norms, problems, and implementation aspects of SCM practices in the Indian Tyre manufacturing companies.

为了实现上述目标,使用问卷形式的调查工具。为调查设计的问卷调查将于2010年12月进行,调查对象包括全国各地区近18家轮胎制造业公司。各种制造公司名单、公司的互联网网站和个人联系人是获取公司信息和创建数据库的主要来源。这些公司是从数据库中随机选择的。尽管调查将在特定的时间段内进行,但所考虑的问题仍然与理解印度轮胎制造公司SCM实践的操作原则、规范、问题和实施方面高度相关。

The questionnaire is designed to know about the responding companies, their main objectives of employing SCM, positions of companies in the supply chain for their primary products, and views of the respondents on the principles of effective SCM practices. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: Section A and Section B. Section A was designed for the companies which have already implemented the SCM concepts like information sharing with suppliers and customers, or have decided to implement SCM concepts in near future, contains questions pertaining to several important issues related to SCM practices, such as a company’s role in servicing customers’ needs, its role as a customer to its suppliers, the role of IT in SCM, the performance measures used in supply chain performance evaluation, and the activities or actions hindering SCM practices. Section B presents the items related to several types of barriers and government policies commonly found in implementing SCM practices in the Indian Tyre manufacturing industries.

问卷旨在了解被调查公司、其采用供应链管理的主要目标、公司在其主要产品供应链中的地位,以及受访者对有效供应链管理实践原则的看法。问卷分为两部分:A部分和B部分。A部分针对已经实施SCM概念(如与供应商和客户的信息共享)的公司,或已经决定在不久的将来实施SCM概念的公司,其中包含与SCM实践相关的几个重要问题,例如,公司在满足客户需求方面的作用、其作为供应商客户的作用、IT在供应链管理中的作用、供应链绩效评估中使用的绩效指标以及阻碍供应链管理实践的活动或行动。第B节介绍了在印度轮胎制造业实施供应链管理实践中常见的几类障碍和政府政策。

A combination of checks, yes/no, `Likert’ scale, and multiple choice questions are framed against the issues as mentioned.

检查、是/否、“Likert”量表和多项选择题的组合是针对上述问题制定的。

The following specific tests will be employed on the data obtained:将对获得的数据进行以下具体测试

• Two-Tailed Significance Test-this provides a level of significance for differences between two groups to a question requiring a response using a Likert scale.

双尾显著性测试这为两组之间的差异提供了一个显著性水平,该测试要求使用Likert量表回答问题。

• Bivariate Correlation (Pearson) Coefficient-this tests the relationships between responses to two different questions. The test provides a `p value’ indicating the strength of the relationship. A value of p=0 represents no relationship, and p=±1 a strong relationship, and shows the significance level of the relationships.

双变量相关(皮尔逊)系数,用于测试对两个不同问题的回答之间的关系。测试提供一个“p值”,表示关系的强度。p=0表示无关系,p=±1表示强关系,并显示了关系的显著性水平。

• Reliability Analysis-In order to assess the homogeneity and inter-correlations of the factors used in an item, Cronbach alpha (a) [Cronbach (1951)], a measure of internal consistency often used in cases where participants respond to questions on a Likert scale The values of a lies in the range (0, 1).

可靠性分析为了评估项目中使用的因素的同质性和相互关联性,Cronbach alpha(a)[Cronbach(1951)]是一种内部一致性度量,通常用于参与者回答Likert量表中的问题。a的值在范围(0,1)内。

For the purpose of analysis, the survey responses are divided into three categories:为了进行分析,调查答复分为三类

Category 1: Questions that need ranking of alternatives (Likert-scale questions) 类别1:需要备选方案排名的问题(Likert量表问题)

The importance of the alternatives under each issue is established based on the values of statistics obtained.

每个问题下备选方案的重要性是根据获得的统计值确定的。

Category 2: Questions requiring degree of agreement (multiple choice questions) 类别2:要求一致程度的问题(选择题)

For the questions requiring degree of agreement, Specific issues such as main objectives of SCM, principles of effective SCM practices, integration of divisional areas in the supply chains, information communication tools with suppliers and customers, area of IT applications, and barriers of SCM implementation are included in this category. The percent responses of all the alternatives under each issue are computed and the rankings of the alternatives are done based on the percent responses resulting in identifying the important alternatives.

对于需要达成一致的问题,具体问题包括供应链管理的主要目标、有效供应链管理实践的原则、供应链各部门的整合、与供应商和客户的信息沟通工具、IT应用领域以及供应链管理实施的障碍等。计算每个问题下所有备选方案的响应百分比,并根据响应百分比对备选方案进行排名,从而确定重要备选方案。

Category 3: Yes/No type questions 类别3:是/否类型问题

For this category, two yes/no type close-ended questions have been framed against different issues. The percent responses of `Yes/No’ is computed against each issue, which provide the general views of the respondents on a particular issue.

对于这一类别,针对不同的问题提出了两个是/否类型的封闭式问题。“是/否”的回答百分比是针对每个问题计算的,这些问题提供了受访者对特定问题的一般看法。

Questionnaire for

The Impact of Supply Chain Strategies on the Performance of Indian Tyre Manufacturing Companies

供应链战略对印度轮胎制造公司业绩影响的问卷调查

Part 1 – Company Profile 第1部分——公司简介

1. Name of Company 公司名称

2. Address 地址

3. Country 国家

4. Tel 电话

5. Fax 传真

6. Website 网站

7. Contact person:联系人

9. E-mail:电子邮箱

8. Position in company:公司职位

No of employees:员工人数

Turnover :营业额

Part 2 – Theme 1 第二部分——主题 1

How do you manage your supply chain? Tick all that apply

1 Close partnership with suppliers 您如何管理供应链?勾选所有适用项

2 Close partnership with customers 与客户紧密合作

3 JIT supply JIT供应

4 e-procurement 电子采购

5 EDI 电子数据交换

6 Outsourcing 外包

7 Subcontracting 分包

8 3PL 第三方物流

9 Plan strategically 战略规划

10 Supply Chain Benchmarking 供应链基准

11 Vertical integration 垂直整合

12 Few suppliers 少数供应商

13 Many suppliers 多数供应商

14 Holding safety stock 持有安全库存

15 Use of external consultants 外部顾问的使用

16 Other, please specify 其他,请说明

How successful do you think is your company in managing its supply chain in general?其他,请说明

Not successful at all 完全不成功

Not successful 不成功

Somewhat successful 有点成功

Successful 成功

Very successful 非常成功

Which of the following you think that your company needs to do in order to manage its supply chain better? Tick all that apply.

为了更好地管理供应链,您认为贵公司需要做以下哪一项?勾选所有适用项。

Improve 改进

Start Implementing 开始实施

Satisfied already 已满足

Not appropriate 不合适

Close partnership with suppliers 与供应商紧急合作

Close partnership with customers 与客户紧密合作

JIT supply JIT供应

e-procurement 电子采购

EDI 电子数据交换

Outsourcing 外包

Subcontracting 分包

3PL 第三方物流

Plan strategically 战略规划

Supply Chain Benchmarking 供应商基准

Vertical integration 垂直整合

Few suppliers 少数供应商

Many suppliers 多数供应商

Holding safety stock 持有安全库存

Use of external consultants 使用外部顾问

Other (specify)其他(指定)

Does your company have a clear logistics strategic plan? YES NO 贵公司是否有明确的物流战略计划?是或否

Part 3 – Theme 2 第3部分–主题2

What types of systems are currently in use in your company to support Supply Chain Management? 贵公司目前使用哪些类型的系统来支持供应链管理?

Custom-made 定制

Standard package 标准包装

Not in use 未使用

Material Requirements Planning (MRP) 物料需求计划

Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRPII)制造资源规划

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)企业资源规划

Warehouse Management System (WMS)仓库管理系统

Supply Chain Management (SCM)供应链管理

Customer Relationships Management (CRM)客户关系管理

Supplier Relationships Management (SRM)供应商关系管理

Advanced Planning System (APS)高级计划系统

Just In Time (JIT)准时制

Other (specify)其他(指定)

How much did you actually benefit from using these systems?您从使用这些系统中实际受益了多少?

Not at all 一点也不

Little 比较少

Average 普通

Greatly 非常好

A lot 很多

Don’t know 不明确

Better quality of information 更好的信息质量

Better quantity of information 更好的信息量

Flexibility 灵活性

Reduced lead-time in production 缩短生产提前期

Cost saving 节约成本

Forecasting 预测

Resource planning 资源规划

Better operational efficiency 更好的运营效率

Reduced inventory level 库存水平降低

More accurate costing 更准确的成本计算

Increased coordination between departments 加强部门间的协调

Increased coordination with suppliers 加强与供应商的协调

Increased coordination with customers 加强与客户的协调

Increased sales 增加的销售额

Better quality of information 更好的信息质量

Better quantity of information 更好的信息量

Flexibility 灵活性

In what level your company is facing the problems below when using SCM systems?在使用SCM系统时,贵公司面临以下问题的级别是什么?

No problem at all 完全没有问题

Little problem 小问题

Some problem有些问题

Significant problem 重大问题

Serious problem 严重问题

Don’t know 不明确

Resistance to change from employees 员工对变革的抵制

Insufficient vendor support 供应商支持不足

Hidden cost 隐藏成本

Integration with existing system 与现有系统集成

Integration with supplier’s system 与供应商系统集成

Integration with customer’s system 与客户系统集成

Other (specify) 其他(指定)

What types of systems do you plan to implement in the near future (within the next 2 years)?您计划在不久的将来(在未来2年内)实施哪些类型的系统?

Custom-made 定制

Standard package 标准包装

Not going to implement 不打算实施

E-commerce 电子商务

E-business 电子商务

Decision support / expert system 决策支持/专家系统

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)射频识别(RFID)

Bar coding 条形码

Other (specify)其他(指定)

Part 4 – Theme 3 第4部分–主题3

19 How satisfied are you with the current public policy regarding SCM and IT?您对当前有关SCM和IT的公共政策的满意度如何?

Not at all 一点也不

Somewhat 有点

Satisfied 满意

Quite satisfied 比较满意

Very satisfied 非常满意 

How important are the following future measures for supporting your company effort in SCM and IT?以下未来措施对于支持公司在SCM和IT方面的努力有多重要?

Not at all 一点也不

somewhat 有点

important 重要

quite important 相当重要

very important 非常重要

More education, e.g. formal qualification 更多教育,如正式资格

More funding and financial support 更多资金和财政支持

Better infrastructure e.g. telecommunications, road, etc 更好的基础设施,如电信、道路等

Improved information provision 改进信息提供

Increased regional cooperation between institutions, e.g. chamber of commerce 加强各机构之间的区域合作,例如商会

Closer cooperation between companies and governments 公司与政府之间更紧密的合作

Other (specify)其他(指定)

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