Assignment范文：Design of Supply Chain Analysis

Assignment范文-供应链分析设计。本文是一篇关于供应链分析的assignment写作范文，主要内容是讲述供应链管理是艺术与科学的结合，旨在改善公司找到制造产品或服务所需的原材料并将其交付给客户的方式。因此，供应链适合世界上所有的公司。无论他们在哪里提供服务或制造产品。在本篇assignment范文中，作者将选择一种制造产品和一种服务产品，图1显示了两者的供应链模型。生产的产品将是苹果公司的iPhone 7，该服务由TNT邮政集团提供快递服务。他们提供的产品是世界知名品牌。因此，本篇assignment范文将对供应链的总体设计以及如何做出决策进行比较和分析。此外，消费者的角色以及质量在供应链中的重要性。 下面就看一下这篇assignment格式范文的具体内容。

Supply chain management (SCM) is the combination of art and science that goes into improving the way your company finds the raw components it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. (Wailgum, 2007). So, the supply chain is suit for all the company in the world. Wherever they provide the service or manufactured product. In this assignment, I will go to choose one manufactured product and one service product and the Figure 1 show the supply chain model for both. For the manufactured product is going to be iPhone 7 from Apple Inc and the service is delivery service provide by TNT Post Group. The product them provide by well-known brand in the world. Therefore, this assignment will be going to compare and analyse the overall design of the supply chain and how decisions are made. Also, the role for the consumer and how importance of quality in the supply chain.

Apple is an American multinational company, one of the world greatest, design and manufacturing of consumer electronics and computer software products. (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, 2015). The figure 2 show the supply chain model for iPhone 7. As we can see from the suppliers the company choose the raw materials from many different place and built in China. Because of the labour in China is the cheapest in the world. They also leave the work in two different companies. So, that they can ensure that working in a short time can finish it on time. After the iPhone 7 has been made, they will deliver the products to the warehouse in California or in the intermediate warehouse. And then, they will wait for the first time selling data and prepare to sell. After few weeks, the consumer can receive the product if they ordered online. On the other hand, customer can buy the product in the shop. During this supply chain, the company must make sure the distribution basis on the role customer played. As we can see, Apple company is fit with the traditional model. Also, iPhone 7 have some weakness. For example, the prices are quick high, not the most people can pay for it. Due to the prices, will be the weakness for the iPhone 7. On the other hand, advanced technology was using in the that product such as AirPods. That also affect the customer. That was more than 300,000 people have signed a petition urging apple not to ditch the headphone socket from iPhone 7. (Wakefield, 2016). Cause that lots of fans was really about that. Those two weaknesses for iPhone 7 is the prices and the Airpods. In this way, Apple company changed the charger port a few years ago, and people got upset. but that won’t stop people buying it. (BBC, 2016). Therefore, Apple company supply chain is sustainability. Problems about apple company they really can do is cut the prices or to prove to customer the product they buy is valued.    

Assignment范文提到苹果是一家美国跨国公司，是世界上最伟大的公司之一，设计和制造消费电子产品和计算机软件产品。图2显示了iPhone 7的供应链模型。正如我们从供应商那里看到的，该公司从许多不同的地方选择原材料，并在中国建造。因为中国的劳动力是世界上最便宜的。他们也在两家不同的公司工作。因此，他们可以确保在短时间内工作能够按时完成。iPhone 7生产完成后，他们将把产品送到加州的仓库或中间仓库。然后，他们将等待第一次出售数据，并准备出售。几周后，如果消费者在网上订购，他们就可以收到产品。另一方面，顾客可以在商店里购买产品。在这个供应链中，公司必须确保分销的基础上发挥客户的作用。正如我们所看到的，苹果公司符合传统模式。此外，iPhone 7也有一些弱点。例如，价格很快就高了，不是大多数人都能支付的。由于价格的原因，这将是iPhone 7的弱点。另一方面，先进的技术被用于AirPods等产品。这也会影响到客户。超过30万人签署了一份请愿书，敦促苹果不要放弃iPhone 7的耳机插座。。因为很多粉丝都很关心这件事。iPhone 7的两个弱点是价格和Airpods。就这样，几年前，苹果公司改变了充电器端口，人们对此感到不安。但这不会阻止人们购买它。因此，苹果公司的供应链是可持续的。关于苹果公司，他们真正能做的就是降价，或者向客户证明他们购买的产品是有价值的。

TNT post group N.V. (TPG) provides domestic and international mail service, express distribution, and logistics services. It includes the Dutch postal service, this is the first such service is part of a listed company and is considered one of the most efficient postal operators in the world, providing 22 million emails a day. (Encyclopedia 2016). As we can see the figure 2. TNT have three different deliver line for the services. One is for the economy express, one for the freight FTL and one for the freight LTL. Even they have three different type of the service, but all of them is same. That is all about the delivery service. That is going to meet the customer needs. For example, economy express is for the normal people want to deliver a small parcel, so they will choose economy express. Second, freight FTL is for a company need delivery a product, and they need a full truck to do it.  Third, freight LTL is for the company to deliver a product need truck but only less truck. Therefore, TPG have traditional model of the supply chain as the figure 1 shows. Supplier, warehouse, destruction to the different level of services and end with the receiver. Every company have some weaknesses. For example, firstly they have so many competitive company, like DHL, FedEx and UPS. Second, TNT Express, there is a poor customer service centre to provide slow response to customer. That will loss of the customers. So, they need to improve the better customers services centre and keep the customers giving the job to them.

TNT邮政集团提供国内和国际邮件服务、快递配送和物流服务。它包括荷兰邮政服务，这是第一家上市公司提供的此类服务，被认为是世界上效率最高的邮政运营商之一，每天提供2200万封电子邮件。。如图2所示。TNT有三条不同的服务交付线。一个用于经济快递，一个用于货运FTL，一个为货运LTL。即使他们有三种不同类型的服务，但它们都是相同的。这就是送货服务的全部内容。这将满足客户的需求。例如，经济型快递是为普通人送一个小包裹，所以他们会选择经济型快递。第二，货运FTL是指公司需要交付产品，他们需要一辆完整的卡车来完成。第三，货运LTL是指该公司交付的产品需要卡车，但只需要更少的卡车。因此，TPG拥有传统的供应链模型，如图1所示。供应商、仓库、销毁到不同级别的服务，并以收货方结束。每家公司都有弱点。例如，首先，他们有很多有竞争力的公司，比如DHL、联邦快递和UPS。其次，TNT快递，有一个糟糕的客户服务中心为客户提供缓慢的响应。这将失去客户。因此，他们需要改善更好的客户服务中心，让客户把工作交给他们。

Comparison Apple Inc and TNT Post Group from the Supply chain. They all fit with the traditional model. Second, the weakness for Apple Inc is more about the Final product and for TNT Post Group is more about the process. They all have a way to improve they product or services.

从供应链角度比较苹果公司和TNT邮政集团。它们都符合传统模式。其次，苹果公司的弱点更多地在于最终产品，而TNT邮政集团的弱点更多的在于流程。他们都有改进产品或服务的方法。

The role of the consumer and the decision making is influence each other. For instance, from Apple Inc they always set up the countries list for getting the handset first. Stand by the role of the consumer they will not happy about their country not on the list. So, they will have two kinds of psychological. One is not going to buy it and second one is found a way to buy it. As we can see Apple decision is set up a list of the countries affect consumer. When the consumer been affect by the Apple, the supply chain for the apple will be changed. They will affect every involved with warehouse and the distribution in the supply chain. Even the role of the consumer played can influence the company but in this case consumer do not shape supply chain strategy.

消费者的角色和决策是相互影响的。例如，从苹果公司开始，他们总是为首先获得这款手机制定国家名单。站在消费者的立场上，他们不会对自己的国家不在名单上感到高兴。所以，他们会有两种心理。一个是不买，第二个是想办法买。正如我们所看到的，苹果的决定是建立一个影响消费者的国家名单。当消费者受到苹果的影响时，苹果的供应链就会发生变化。它们将影响到供应链中与仓库和分销相关的每一个人。即使消费者所扮演的角色也会影响公司，但在这种情况下，消费者并不能塑造供应链战略。

In the other hand, for the TPG delivery services. In the supply chain of the services the consumer just like a supplier. The consumer really giving the job to the company and shape supply chain strategy. They are so many delivery company around the world. When the customer want deliver a parcel and they will compare with many different. The prices and the services will affect them to pick the company. Thus, every decision the company made will impress the supply chain model. Moreover, every decision TPG made firstly they need to thinking about the consumer and then they should think about the warehouse and different services requires diverse of the services levels.

另一方面，为TPG提供交付服务。在服务的供应链中，消费者就像供应商一样。消费者真正将工作交给了公司，并制定了供应链战略。他们是世界各地众多的快递公司。当客户想要递送包裹时，他们会与许多不同的人进行比较。价格和服务将影响他们选择公司。因此，公司做出的每一个决定都会给供应链模型留下深刻印象。此外，TPG做出的每一个决定首先需要考虑消费者，然后再考虑仓库，不同的服务需要不同的服务级别。

Every decision made will decrease or increase in supply. Increased number of the producers will be decreased production costs. On the other hand, decrease reduced number of producers will be increased production costs. Besides decrease or increase in demand also have different result. Decreased number of consumers will down in income levels. And the increased number of consumers will up in income levels. Thus, more product customers want more income they will get and more supply they need will cut every unit costs. We also have push and pull system in the supply chain. “Push type” means “make-to-stock,” in which the production is not based on actual demand. “Pull type” means “make-to-order.” (Lean Manufacturing Japan) And the manufacturing product more fit with the push system and services will be more apply for pull system. Just like iPhone 7 built without having a specific customer request. TPG provide services only if there is a request for a product by the end of receiver. “As we go through the exercise of determining what the “as is” engineering needs to be to close the gap to become what “to be” state, we can collect and document what the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis) to the vision are and will be”. (Sherman, 2012). First, the strength for Apple Inc is horizontal and vertical integration has a huge competitive advantage and TPG is robust delivery base. Second is the weakness, for Apple Inc is highly dependent on iPhones and iPod product line and TGP is a weak financial performance is highly dependent on infrastructure. Third is opportunities, for Apple Inc is Apple pay provides strong growth opportunities and for TPG is global air freight department express positive outlook for growth, Courier and parcel market. Finally, the threats for Apple is premium pricing can restrict the growth of emerging markets and for TPG is electronic alternative.     

Assignment总结到，做出的每一个决定都会减少或增加供应。生产商数量的增加将降低生产成本。另一方面，生产商数量的减少将增加生产成本。除了需求的减少或增加也有不同的结果。消费者数量的减少将降低收入水平。消费者数量的增加将提高收入水平。因此，更多的产品客户希望获得更多的收入，他们需要的更多供应将降低每一个单位成本。我们在供应链中也有推拉系统。“推式”的意思是“按库存生产”，即生产不基于实际需求。“拉动型”的意思是“按订单生产”。（日本精益制造）更适合推动系统和服务的制造产品将更适用于拉动系统。就像iPhone 7在没有特定客户请求的情况下构建的一样。TPG仅在接收端存在对产品的请求时才提供服务。“当我们确定“现状”工程需要什么来缩小差距，使其成为“未来”状态时，我们可以收集并记录愿景的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁（SWOT分析）。”。。首先，苹果公司的优势在于横向和纵向整合具有巨大的竞争优势，TPG是强大的交付基础。其次是疲软，因为苹果公司高度依赖iPhone和iPod产品线，而TGP的财务表现疲软，高度依赖基础设施。第三是机会，对苹果公司来说，Apple pay提供了强劲的增长机会，对TPG来说，全球航空货运部门对快递和包裹市场的增长前景乐观。最后，苹果面临的威胁是，溢价可能会限制新兴市场的增长，而TPG是电子产品的替代品。

Shewhart did defined quality as the “goodness” of a product in 1931. ` And defining quality around product based, user based, value based and manufacturing based criteria.

References 参考文献

Wailgum, T., (2007) Supply chain management definition and solutions. 

The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica (2015) Apple Inc. | American company. 

Wakefield, J. (2016) Fans angry over ‘missing’ iPhone 7 headphone socket.

BBC (2016) Apple’s iPhone 7 ditches traditional headphone socket. 

Encyclopedia (2016) International Directory of Company Histories.

Ghosh, A. (2016) Apple iPhone 7 pre-order: Here are the countries that will get the handset first. 

Roser, C. (2015) The (true) difference between push and pull. [online] 

Corporation, A. (2008) Push-pull manufacturing. 

Sherman, R.J. (2012) Supply chain transformation: Practical Roadmap to best practice results. United States: John Wiley & Sons.

Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis. (2015) `Apple, Inc. SWOT Analysis` writing 1-10, Sept. 18, 2015.

TNT Express N.V. SWOT Analysis. (2015) `TNT Express N.V. SWOT Analysis` Writing 1-8, Dec. 21, 2015.

Crosby, P. (1980) Quality is Free. London: Penguin Putnam

Shewhart, W. (1931) Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product. Milwaukee: ASQC

Shewhart在1931年确实将质量界定为产品的优良，并围绕基于产品、基于用户、基于价值和基于制造的标准来定义质量。

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