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HRM Assignment范文-人工智能在人力资源中的应用。本文是一篇留学生Human Resource Management（人力资源管理）assignment写作范文，本篇assignment范文是根据Built-In的文章阐述，人工智能（AI）可以被描述为构建一系列能够完成需要人类智能的任务的计算机或智能机器。人工智能有多种方法，随着这些方法的进步，组织中几乎每个部门都在转向利用人工智能工作。20世纪50年代，Alan Turning开创了机器学习和人工智能的基础。Stuart Russell和Peter Novig为人工智能添加了一种现代方法，下面就一起来看一下这篇HRM assignment范文的具体内容。
Part I: Learning What is AI? 什么是人工智能？ Based off the article from Built In, Artificial intelligence (AI) can be described as building a wide range of computers or smart machines that are capable of doing tasks that require human intelligence.[1] There are multiple approaches to AI and with the advancements that are being set in place, and almost every sector in organizations are shifting towards utilizing AI for their jobs. Staring off in the 1950’s, Alan Turning laid down the foundation of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Adding a modern approach to AI, Stuart Russell and Peter Novig developed different approaches that defined the field of AI. These four approaches are:他们开发了不同的方法来定义人工智能领域。这四种方法是： Thinking humanly 人性化思考 Thinking rationally 理性思考 Acting humanly 表现得人性化 Acting rationally 理性行事
Thinking humanly and rationally describe the thought processes and reasoning and acting humanly and rationally refer with the behaviours behind the artificial intelligence.[3]人本理性地思考描述了思维过程，人本理性的推理和行为指的是人工智能背后的行为。 The Basic Components of Artificial Intelligence 人工智能的基本组成部分 Artificial Intelligence is revolutionizing ways in which humans interact with data which then enables them to make better decisions. These basic components include:本篇assignment提出人工智能正在彻底改变人类与数据交互的方式，从而使他们能够做出更好的决策。这些基本组件包括： Machine Learning 机器学习 Neural Network 神经网络 Deep Learning 深度学习 Natural Language Processing 自然语言处理 Computer Vision 计算机视觉 Cognitive Computing 认知计算
Machine learning refers to the AI’s ability to automatically learn and improve from experience. Deep Learning is concerned with the employment of artificial networks that learn by processing data such as voice assistants like Siri. Enabling deep learning are neural networks which are computer systems that are modeled after neural connections in the human brain. Cognitive computing looks to recreate the human thought process and looks to improve interaction between humans and machines. The natural language processing enables computers to understand, recognize, and produce human speech. Computer vision identifies patterns towards interpreting images such as graphs, tables, as well as text and video.[4] 本篇assignment阐述机器学习是指人工智能根据经验自动学习和改进的能力。深度学习涉及人工网络的使用，人工网络通过处理数据进行学习，如Siri等语音助手。实现深度学习的是神经网络，它是以人脑中的神经连接为模型的计算机系统。认知计算旨在重建人类的思维过程，并改善人与机器之间的互动。自然语言处理使计算机能够理解、识别和产生人类语音。计算机视觉识别用于解释图像的模式，如图形、表格以及文本和视频。 Different Types/Tools of Artificial Intelligence 不同类型/工具的人工智能 There are four particular types of AI that organizations utilize. They vary from simple reactive systems to more complicated and self-aware machines. Reactive machines are very basic AI systems that only have the capability to react and can not form memories. An example is playing the computer in a simple video game such as chess or checkers. The next AI type is limited memory which refers to machines that are able to look into the past. An example are self driving cars which have limited memory in order to identify different objects and obstacles that may be encountered on a road. The next tool is called the “theory of mind”, similar to the psychology concept, this is how machines in the future will look into our behaviours while adapting and adjusting to us accordingly. Lastly, self-awareness is a type of AI that is looking to build machines that are capable of having a consciousness so that researchers can eventually build towards machines that are impeccable at classifying whatever they see in front of them.[5] 有四种特定类型的人工智能可供组织使用。它们从简单的反应系统到更复杂的、有自我意识的机器都有所不同。反应机器是非常基本的人工智能系统，只有反应能力，不能形成记忆。一个例子是在一个简单的视频游戏中玩电脑，如国际象棋或跳棋。下一种人工智能类型是有限内存，指的是能够回顾过去的机器。一个例子是为了识别道路上可能遇到的不同物体和障碍物而具有有限记忆的自动驾驶汽车。下一个工具被称为“心理理论”，类似于心理学概念，这是未来机器如何观察我们的行为，同时相应地适应和调整我们。最后，本篇assignment指出自我意识是一种人工智能，它希望构建能够拥有意识的机器，以便研究人员最终能够构建出能够对他们面前的任何东西进行分类的完美机器。 Advantages of AI 人工智能的优势 Forbes, Vishal Maria describes the significance and capabilities that AI can have in the near future. AI has the advantages to help improve human intelligence and gain some value from data collected. The first movers that are using AI in the workplace can experience a gain in competitive advantages. Some competitive advantages include reduce costs and remove head counts. Even though the job opportunities are low, a dramatic increase can be taken place in the foreseeable future. AI will have the ability to replace jobs that require tedious problem-solving tasks and will go beyond human thought processes. This will lead to increased productivity with the use of more automation which could increase revenue in the future. The increased productivity allows organizations to make faster business decisions because the cognitive technologies from the AI are faster with their responses. With improved cognitive technologies and faster responses, organizations are able to gain insight about customers and will be able to offer customers a more personalized experience. Organizations are looking to take advantage of AI by overcoming issues related to trust and biases. Without the traditional human aspect, AI comes along with the absences of biases and possible trust issues that human to human interactions may encounter.[6] 本篇assignment引用福布斯的Vishal Maria描述了人工智能在不久的将来可能具有的意义和能力。人工智能有助于提高人类智力，并从收集的数据中获得一些价值。在工作场所使用人工智能的先行者可以获得竞争优势。一些竞争优势包括降低成本和减少人数。尽管就业机会很低，但在可预见的未来，就业机会可能会急剧增加。人工智能将有能力取代那些需要乏味的解决问题任务的工作，并将超越人类的思维过程。这将通过使用更多的自动化来提高生产力，这可能会在未来增加收入。生产力的提高使组织能够更快地做出商业决策，因为人工智能的认知技术反应更快。随着认知技术的改进和更快的响应，组织能够深入了解客户，并将能够为客户提供更个性化的体验。组织希望通过克服与信任和偏见相关的问题来利用人工智能。如果没有传统的人的方面，人工智能就没有了人与人之间互动可能遇到的偏见和可能的信任问题。 Disadvantages of AI 人工智能的缺点 Just like any implementation for any new system, there are disadvantages. Even though AI provides organizations with helpful tools in order to maximize efficiency, it can come with some costs. Despite the increase in revenue, there are high costs when it comes to implementing AI. Additional costs that come along with it include repair and maintenance costs. There are possibilities of a breakdown in the system, and reinstating the system will require a lot of time and costs.[7] 就像任何新系统的任何实现一样，也有缺点。尽管人工智能为组织提供了有用的工具以最大限度地提高效率，但它也会带来一些成本。尽管收入有所增加，但人工智能的实施成本很高。随之而来的额外成本包括维修和维护成本。系统存在故障的可能性，恢复系统将需要大量的时间和成本。 Even though AI does not have biases or trust issues, they lack the moral and emotions of a human being. AI machines can only perform the tasks that it has programmed inside of its software. If AI has an encounter with a unfamiliar situation, it will not be able to perform the desired tasks. Without continuous upgrades, the intelligence of AI can not be improved through experience unlike humans. Humans can adapt to their working environment and strive to make improvements, but AI is unable to alter their programs corresponding to changing environments. AI can create and design business plans a lot faster than humans can, but there are some drawbacks for this. Despite the powerfulness software of AI, it cannot match the originality and creativity that a human mind can bring. Intuition and emotional intellect is a part of management and AI does not have the capabilities to do so as of now.[8] 本篇assignment认为尽管人工智能没有偏见或信任问题，但它们缺乏人类的道德和情感。人工智能机器只能执行其软件内部编程的任务。如果人工智能遇到不熟悉的情况，它将无法执行所需的任务。如果没有持续的升级，人工智能的智能就无法像人类那样通过经验来提高。人类可以适应他们的工作环境并努力做出改进，但人工智能无法根据不断变化的环境改变他们的程序。人工智能可以比人类更快地创建和设计商业计划，但这也有一些缺点。尽管人工智能软件强大，但它无法与人类思维所能带来的独创性和创造力相媲美。直觉和情商是管理的一部分，而人工智能目前还没有能力做到这一点。 Unemployment is a major disadvantage when it comes to implementing AI in workplaces. With the replacement of humans with machines, people without the necessary skills may lead to unemployment. Organizations may replace certain jobs with AI and this can lead to displeasure from employees. Related to this topic is the increased dependence on machines will to lead to employee becoming more lazy and their will for creativity may vanish.[9] 在工作场所实施人工智能时，失业是一个主要不利因素。随着机器取代人类，没有必要技能的人可能会导致失业。组织可能会用人工智能取代某些工作，这可能会引起员工的不满。与此相关的是，对机器的依赖性增加会导致员工变得更加懒惰，他们的创造力可能会消失。 AI Companies That Are Being Used in Human Resources Departments 正在人力资源部门使用的人工智能公司 Human resources departments are responsible for various tasks such as recruiting, selecting, and training. Whether it is searching for the best candidates, recruiting from within a company or outside of a company, these tasks require a lot of tedious steps and processes in order to be completed thoroughly and properly. HR departments should look into these particular companies: 人力资源部门负责招聘、选拔和培训等各种任务。无论是寻找最佳候选人，还是从公司内部或公司外部招聘，这些任务都需要大量繁琐的步骤和流程才能彻底而正确地完成。人力资源部门应调查这些特定的公司：
These companies demonstrate the abilities of AI and how it can effectively help human resources department become more effective in their specific duties and responsibilities. Alyss Analytics is a custom AI that uses different tools in order to match and find candidates based off of skills and intangible traits. Best hires AI is a platform that utilizes machine learning to establish the best candidates for the job. Lastly, FirstScreen is an interactive program that uses automated tools in order to conduct the interviewing process more effectively. What these AI technologies have in common are the ability to support HR tasks and reduce the amount of time it takes for all of these processes.[10] 这些公司展示了人工智能的能力，以及它如何有效地帮助人力资源部门更有效地履行其特定职责。Alyss Analytics是一种定制的人工智能，它使用不同的工具，根据技能和无形特征来匹配和寻找候选人。最佳招聘人工智能是一个利用机器学习来确定最佳求职者的平台。最后，FirstScreen是一个交互式程序，它使用自动化工具来更有效地进行面试过程。这些人工智能技术的共同点是能够支持人力资源任务，并减少所有这些过程所需的时间 Part II: Application 应用 How Do The Companies Use AI For Their HR Tasks?公司如何在人力资源任务中使用人工智能？ Alyss analytics uses facial mapping, speech content, and delivery off a interview-based video and then the AI provides feedback on the candidate. They assess personality traits, personal characteristics such as leadership qualities, and a rating based off the interview. The AI can identify different body language and facial expressions to see how a candidate reacts under stress and different environments and obtains a score from the interview.[11] Alyss的分析使用面部映射、语音内容和基于面试的视频，然后人工智能提供候选人的反馈。他们评估性格特征、领导素质等个人特征，以及基于面试的评分。人工智能可以识别不同的肢体语言和面部表情，以了解候选人在压力和不同环境下的反应，并从面试中获得分数。
Besthires.ai is an AI that uses machine learning to select the best candidates for jobs. Best hires examines the candidates soft skills, past performance, personality, needs and values, and matches it with the best job along with the best company-candidate fit. This AI automates each step of the recruiting process so that companies are able to look at the most recommended candidate for their organization before the hiring decision. This eliminates a lot of tedious processing, and changes the relationship between talent, data, and the speed of hiring.[12] Besthires.ai是一种使用机器学习来选择最佳求职者的人工智能。最佳招聘会考察候选人的软技能、过去的表现、个性、需求和价值观，并将其与最佳工作以及最适合公司的候选人相匹配。这种人工智能自动化了招聘过程的每一步，使公司能够在做出招聘决定之前为其组织寻找最推荐的候选人。这消除了许多繁琐的处理，并改变了人才、数据和招聘速度之间的关系。
FirstScreen is a company that uses a voice automation AI and insight analysis tools to conduct interviews so that they can select the best candidates. This company knew that reviewing resumes and candidate screening was a long frustrating process, so they re-imagined an innovative way to restructure the recruiting process. Their AI allows candidates to do a self-serve phone screening. This AI has an automated phone call along with the latest in machine learning, voice recognition, call automation and real time analytics. Each candidate gets an equal opportunity from an automated phone call and automatically evaluates the candidates based on the job’s needs. This AI will help speed up the hiring process saving time and money for the organization.[13] FirstScreen是一家使用语音自动化人工智能和洞察力分析工具进行面试的公司，以便他们能够选择最佳候选人。这家公司知道审查简历和筛选候选人是一个漫长而令人沮丧的过程，所以他们重新设想了一种创新的方式来重组招聘流程。他们的人工智能允许候选人进行自助电话筛查。这种人工智能拥有自动电话以及最新的机器学习、语音识别、呼叫自动化和实时分析。每个候选人都可以通过自动电话获得平等的机会，并根据工作需求自动评估候选人。这种人工智能将有助于加快招聘过程，为组织节省时间和金钱。
“About First Screen.” True Talent. Accessed February 24, 2020. https://www.firstscreenme.com/truetalent/recruiters.html. “AI For Video Recruiting.” Alyss Analytics. Accessed February 23, 2020. https://www.alyssanalytics.com/. “Artificial Intelligence Companies - 2018.” HR Tech Outlook. November 6, 2018. https://artificial-intelligence.hrtechoutlook.com/vendors/top-artificial-intelligence-companies-2018.html. “Artificial Intelligence in Business.” Nibusinessinfo.co.uk. Invest Northern Ireland. Accessed February 24, 2020. https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/risks-and-limitations-artificial-intelligence-business. “About Besthires.ai.” besthires.ai, n.d. Accessed February 24, 2020. Hintze, Arend. “Understanding the Four Types of Artificial Intelligence.” Government Technology State & Local Articles. e.Republic. November 14, 2016. https://www.govtech.com/computing/Understanding-the-Four-Types-of-Artificial-Intelligence.html. Ling, Shaun. “Shaun CS.” Shaun CS (blog). Word Press. February 23, 2017. https://cs.shaunlgs.com/2017/02/23/reading-artificial-intelligence-a-modern-approach-1/. Marria, Vishal, ed. “The Future of Artificial Intelligence In The Workplace.” Forbes. Forbes Media. January 11, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/vishalmarria/2019/01/11/the-future-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-workplace/#6457be3d73d4. Otte, Silke. “How Does Artificial Intelligence Work?” Innoplexus. January 30, 2020. https://www.innoplexus.com/blog/how-artificial-intelligence-works/. Reddy, Krishna, ed. “Artificial Intelligence Advantages and Disadvantages.” Wisestep. Accessed February 24, 2020. https://content.wisestep.com/advantages-disadvantages-artificial-intelligence/. “What Is Artificial Intelligence? How Does AI Work?” Built In. Accessed February 22, 2020. https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence [1] “What Is Artificial Intelligence? How Does AI Work?” Built In, accessed February 22, 2020, https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence. [2] Shaun Ling, “Shaun CS,” Shaun CS (blog), Word Press, February 23, 2017. https://cs.shaunlgs.com/2017/02/23/reading-artificial-intelligence-a-modern-approach-1/) [3] “What Is Artificial Intelligence? How Does AI Work?” Built In. [4] Silke Otte, “How Does Artificial Intelligence Work?,” Innoplexus, January 30, 2020, https://www.innoplexus.com/blog/how-artificial-intelligence-works. [5] Arend Hintze, “Understanding the Four Types of Artificial Intelligence,” Government Technology State & Local Articles - e.Republic, November 14, 2016, https://www.govtech.com/computing/Understanding-the-Four-Types-of-Artificial-Intelligence.html. [6] Vishal Marria, ed., “The Future of Artificial Intelligence In The Workplace,” Forbes (Forbes Media, January 11, 2019), https://www.forbes.com/sites/vishalmarria/2019/01/11/the-future-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-workplace/#6457be3d73d4. [7] Krishna Reddy, ed., “Artificial Intelligence Advantages and Disadvantages,” Wisestep, accessed February 24, 2020, https://content.wisestep.com/advantages-disadvantages-artificial-intelligence/. [8] Ibid. [9] “Artificial Intelligence in Business.” Nibusinessinfo.co.uk. Invest Northern Ireland. Accessed February 24, 2020. https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/risks-and-limitations-artificial-intelligence-business. [10] “Artificial Intelligence Companies - 2018,” HR Tech Outlook, November 6, 2018, https://artificial-intelligence.hrtechoutlook.com/vendors/top-artificial-intelligence-companies-2018.html. [11] “AI For Video Recruiting,” Alyss Analytics, accessed February 23, 2020, https://www.alyssanalytics.com. [12] “About Besthires.ai,” besthires.ai, n.d., accessed February 24, 2020. [13] “About First Screen,” True Talent, accessed February 24, 2020, https://www.firstscreenme.com/truetalent/recruiters.html. 本站提供各国各专业assignment格式范文以及assignment写作辅导，如有需要可咨询本平台。 |
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