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Business Coursework格式范文-使企业适应环境。本文是一篇留学生商务课程作业，主要内容是讲述每一个企业的成功都取决于自身适应其经营环境。例如，如果政府政策发生任何变化，一个组织就必须相应地改变其内部政策，可能是工资、税收、工作时间等。Coursework范文中提出技术的变化已经让计算机替代了打字机。所有这些外部因素都是企业无法控制的，因此所有企业组织都必须适应变化，才能取得成功。因此，有必要了解商业环境的各种因素。下面请参阅这篇留学生商务课程作业Business Coursework格式范文的全部内容。 
Success of every business depends on adapting itself to the environment within which it runs on. For e.g. if there is any change in government policies an organization has to change its internal policies accordingly that could be wages, taxes, working hours and so on. Changes in technology have replaced type writers to computers. All these external factors are beyond the control of a business, so all business organization have to adapt themselves to change in order to succeed. Hence understanding of various factors of Business environment is necessary.
Business environment is categorized by two categories i.e. Micro Environment and Macro environment, Micro environment factors deals with internal factors like employees, Suppliers, Customers, Stakeholders, Media. Macro environment factors deals with external factors like technological (PESTEL forces), Economical, Political, Social, Legal and Environmental (Palmer and Hartley 2006).
商业环境分为微观环境和宏观环境两类，微观环境因素涉及员工、供应商、客户、利益相关者、媒体等内部因素。宏观环境因素涉及技术（PESTEL力量）、经济、政治、社会、法律和环境等外部因素。
The above factors have direct or indirect influence on an organization. For e.g. Change in environmental norms have forced car manufacturers to come with a new technology which will keep pollution under control. Due to increased work stress some governments have eased working hours from nine to eight hours which in turn increases cost. Due to increased crimes on women new laws have been added for safety of women, women working in call center in night shifts needs to escort to her home by a security guard which means added cost to a business. If the value of domestic currency increases it will be difficult for export houses to match the prices with international competitor as the prices of raw material overseas might not have changed with the forex change.
上述因素对组织有直接或间接的影响。例如，环境规范的变化迫使汽车制造商采用一种新技术来控制污染。由于工作压力增加，一些政府将工作时间从9小时减少到8小时，这反过来又增加了成本。由于对妇女犯罪的增加，为了妇女的安全，增加了新的法律，夜班在呼叫中心工作的妇女需要由保安护送回家，这意味着增加了企业成本。如果本币升值，出口公司将很难与国际竞争对手的价格相匹配，因为海外原材料的价格可能不会随着外汇变化而变化。
Change management is a structured approach to moving individuals, teams, and organisations from a current state to a desired future state. Change Management includes both organizational change management processes and individual change management models, which together are used to manage the people side of change. Stated simply, change management is a process for managing the people-side of change. (Referencing)
变革管理是一种结构化的方法，用于将个人、团队和组织从当前状态转移到期望的未来状态。变更管理包括组织变更管理流程和个人变更管理模型，两者共同用于管理变更的人员方面。简单地说，变革管理是一个管理变革中人员方面的过程。
Survival of fittest is not the criteria, it is one who adapts to change quickly is successful, before taking products or services to an end user it is imperative that an organization should have or must do their home work on existing business environment based on above factor, by doing so it will help an organization to formulate corporate strategy, marketing strategy sales strategy HR strategy, product development strategy and help the organization to be a part of value chain.
适者生存不是标准，而是快速适应变化的人是成功的，在向最终用户提供产品或服务之前，组织必须根据上述因素在现有的商业环境中开展工作，这样做将有助于组织制定公司战略、营销战略、销售战略、人力资源战略、，产品开发战略，帮助组织成为价值链的一部分。
Research conducted by McKinsey (LaClair, 2002) and by Prosci (Best Practices in Change Management report, 2007) has demonstrated a direct correlation between achieving the business objectives of a change and effectively managing the people side of that change. Prosci’s research with nearly 400 organizations showed that a project had five times the probability of meeting objectives if they implemented “very good” or “excellent” change management practices.
麦肯锡公司和Prosci公司进行的研究表明，实现变革的商业目标与有效管理变革的人员方面之间存在直接关联。Prosci对近400个组织的研究表明，如果一个项目实施了“非常好”或“优秀”的变更管理实践，那么该项目达到目标的概率是其五倍。
Based on the PESTEL theory and Change management we will be discussing various challenges faced by an organisation. The company selected as a matter of this study is Barclays. In last five years Barclays had to deal with economic, social, legal and environmental
基于PESTEL理论和变革管理，我们将讨论组织面临的各种挑战。本研究选择的公司是巴克莱银行。在过去的五年里，巴克莱必须处理经济、社会、法律和环境问题
challenges. It had to deal with Change management 挑战。它必须处理变革管理
Organisation Description and Background 组织描述和背景
Barclays is a major global financial services provider engaged in retail banking, credit cards, corporate banking, investment banking, wealth management and investment management services with an extensive international presence in Europe, the Americas, Africa and Asia.
With over 300 years of history and expertise in banking, Barclays operates in over 50 countries and employs more than 144,000 people. Barclays moves, lends, invests and protects money for more than 48 million customers and clients worldwide.
巴克莱银行是一家主要的全球金融服务提供商，从事零售银行、信用卡、公司银行、投资银行、财富管理和投资管理服务，在欧洲、美洲、非洲和亚洲拥有广泛的国际业务。
巴克莱银行拥有300多年的银行业历史和专业知识，业务遍及50多个国家，员工超过144000人。巴克莱银行为全球4800多万客户移动、借贷、投资和保护资金。
Challenges faced by Barclays towards it Stakeholders 巴克莱银行对其利益相关者面临的挑战
Mainly in last 3 years Barclays faced lot of challenges due to recession. Barclays share value had dipped to the lowest which became a major concern for all stake holders. Last year, Barclays restructured its business model by merging corporate and investment banking together and leave retail and small business customers with the global retail bank. This made Barclays to focus more on retail banking.
Barclays always believes in its stakeholders by listening, responding and working in partnership which is also one of the main reason that the share price of Barclays grew at fast rate in spite of economic slowdown.
由于经济衰退，巴克莱银行主要在过去三年面临着许多挑战。巴克莱股价跌至最低，这成为所有股东的主要担忧。去年，巴克莱银行重组了其业务模式，将公司和投资银行业务合并在一起，并将零售和小企业客户留给了全球零售银行。这使得巴克莱银行更加关注零售银行业务。
巴克莱银行始终通过倾听、回应和合作来信任其利益相关者，这也是尽管经济放缓，巴克莱股价仍快速上涨的主要原因之一。
Share prices of Barclays for last five years 巴克莱过去五年的股价
Credit risk impacts of a changing climate 气候变化的信贷风险影响
Change in weather may influence the business in more possible ways than imaginable. Hence, due consideration is given when assessing the credit risk while issuing credit to a business.
Physical risks such as damage to fixed assets arising from storm, seismic activities; Supply chain deficits arising from scarcity of natural resources like water, changing patterns of customer needs due to change in extremes of temperatures. The annual average of Global surface temperature would inevitably rise by 2-4 degree centigrade by year 2100 (Source IPCC 2007)
All these factors but not limited to effect the company’s balance sheet in various ways like increase in costs, scarce raw materials etc, changes the business operations practices and conditions, Or may reduce or stimulate the demand of the product or services of the company in question.
天气变化可能会以比想象中更可能的方式影响业务。因此，在向企业发放信贷时，在评估信贷风险时应予以适当考虑。
物理风险，如风暴、地震活动造成的固定资产损坏；由于水等自然资源的稀缺、极端温度的变化导致客户需求模式的变化而导致的供应链赤字。到2100年，全球地表温度的年平均值将不可避免地上升2-4摄氏度
所有这些因素（但不限于）以各种方式影响公司的资产负债表，如成本增加、原材料稀缺等，改变企业经营惯例和条件，或可能减少或刺激相关公司的产品或服务需求。
To redress the challenge Barclays developed collaboration with Acclimatize experts in the field of Climate Risk Management. The primary sector identified most affected by the changing climate were businesses that are dependent on massive fixed assets, such as energy, and sectors like chemical & fertilizer, Pharmaceutical and tourism among many others. Hence it was imperative for Barclays to include Climate change as part of mainstream business planning and risk management.
为了应对挑战，巴克莱银行与气候风险管理领域的气候适应专家开展了合作。受气候变化影响最大的主要行业是依赖大量固定资产（如能源）的企业，以及化工化肥、制药和旅游等行业。因此，巴克莱银行必须将气候变化作为主流业务规划和风险管理的一部分。
As audiences of these reports were from a non technical background, these reports were developed accordingly for different geography’s and time horizons.
由于这些报告的受众来自非技术背景，因此这些报告针对不同的地理和时间范围进行了相应的编制。
This also helped Barclays to identify the opportunity presented by the climate change, like change in demands of product and services and early mover advantage, in addition to mitigating risks associated. This also helps understand and monitor the interests and needs of external stakeholders including Government regulators, insurance companies, and investor’s and competitor suppliers. This helped Barclays to reduce and at times eliminated the adaptation lag, in turn giving an edge over competitors, and better understanding of rapidly changing stakeholder’s position. “Climate Proof” projects at the inception phase by incorporating the adaptation measures that are robust in the face of climate change.
这也有助于巴克莱银行识别气候变化带来的机遇，如产品和服务需求的变化以及先行者优势，以及相关风险的缓解。这也有助于了解和监测外部利益相关者的利益和需求，包括政府监管机构、保险公司、投资者和竞争对手供应商。这有助于巴克莱银行减少并有时消除适应滞后，从而使其优于竞争对手，并更好地理解快速变化的利益相关者的立场。“气候证明”项目在初始阶段，纳入应对气候变化的有力适应措施。
Challenges on build internal capacity on adaptation 建立内部适应能力的挑战
This was achieved by raising awareness, developing a corporate understanding of climate risks, assigning responsibility for adaptation to staff and adopting a consistent approach. Involving and taking inputs from the staff for more acceptance and ownership.
Some Geographical Locations are more vulnerable than others.
这是通过提高认识、发展公司对气候风险的理解、将适应责任分配给工作人员以及采取一致的方法来实现的。参与并接受员工的意见，以获得更多认可和所有权。
一些地理位置比其他位置更容易受到影响。
E.g. 例如
Places that are already having very high temperature or very low temperatures (Permanent Frost Inhabitable) are at higher risks. Cities exhibiting Urban Heat Island effect (Frequent building of pool of hot air) exuberate high temperatures. Mean sea level rise, increased storms surge heights, wave heights, coastal flooding and erosion.
已经有很高温度或很低温度（永久性霜冻可居住）的地方风险较高。表现出城市热岛效应（频繁建造热空气池）的城市高温旺盛。平均海平面上升、风暴潮高度增加、波高、沿海洪水和侵蚀。
Decreased seasonal precipitation, increased risks of drought, subsidence and wildfire.
季节性降水减少，干旱、沉降和野火风险增加。
Water resources dependent on glaciers (those areas dependent on glacier melt are probably observing increases in water resources in the short term, as glaciers melt faster, but over time, the loss of glaciers will lead to decreases in water resource availability),Subsidence-prone soils.
依赖冰川的水资源（那些依赖冰川融化的地区可能在短期内观察到水资源增加，因为冰川融化速度更快，但随着时间的推移，冰川的消失将导致水资源可用性的降低），易塌陷的土壤。
Regions with high rainfall, floodplains, Landslides and contaminated Environment land and water Areas at risk from tropical storms.
降雨量高的地区、洪泛平原、滑坡和受污染的环境土地和水域面临热带风暴风险。
Project Vietnam 越南项目
Barclays with partnership with CARE is implementing Change microfinance.
The objective of the project is to establish a community managed savings and loan association.
Target of this project is to help young people in urban and semi urban areas
Despite of the economic boom in last 15 years there has been a very big population of disadvantaged youth in southern Vietnam, which suffers from the underlying cause of poverty and with high rate of rural-urban mobility there is lack of employment and opportunities, and poverty is prevailing on large scale.
巴克莱银行与CARE合作，正在实施变革小额信贷。
该项目的目标是建立一个社区管理的储蓄和贷款协会。
该项目的目标是帮助城市和半城市地区的年轻人
尽管过去15年经济繁荣，但越南南部仍有大量处于不利地位的青年，他们遭受着贫困的根本原因，城乡流动率高，缺乏就业和机会，贫困现象普遍存在。
CARE and Barclays’ approach to the problem is to increase the understanding for significance of saving and improve their skill in managing household finance.
CARE和巴克莱银行解决这个问题的方法是增加对储蓄重要性的理解，并提高他们管理家庭金融的技能。
This is aimed to benefit and reduce poverty among 10,000 venerable people, at least 50% of which are women and migrants through Group Savings and Loans. To appeal to the masses of the targeted populations the program is called Group saving and Loans GSLs.
这项计划旨在通过集团储蓄和贷款，使10000名受尊敬的人受益并减少贫困，其中至少50%是妇女和移民。为了吸引目标人群的大众，该计划被称为团体储蓄和贷款GSL。
Other Key objectives 其他关键目标
To establish at least 500 GSLs to develop a culture of saving and community management and support
To provide guidance for group members to aid them in developing business plans and making loan applications. These in use by International Labour Organization, German sustainable development agency GTZ and the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry
To build the capacity of the local partners, the Youth Union and the Women’s Union, to encourage financial literacy and entrepreneurial skills among group members by providing training on business planning and household finance management. Manage and expand Group Savings and Loans. Support is also being provided to help to develop new financial products tailored to the needs of the groups, such as savings, loans and micro-insurance.
建立至少500个GSL，发展储蓄和社区管理及支持文化
为集团成员提供指导，帮助他们制定商业计划和提出贷款申请。国际劳工组织、德国可持续发展机构GTZ和越南工商会正在使用
通过提供商业规划和家庭财务管理方面的培训，建设当地合作伙伴、青年联盟和妇女联盟的能力，鼓励集团成员具备金融知识和创业技能。管理和扩大集团储蓄和贷款。还提供支助，帮助开发符合各群体需要的新金融产品，如储蓄、贷款和小额保险。
Enhanced economic security through an improvement in financial inclusion. The promotion of entrepreneurship and support for livelihood opportunities for young people and their families. This is to be achieved through the development of a culture of savings, an increase in financial literacy and an improvement in entrepreneurial skills and general confidence in public, This has also helped CARE’s local partners from an increased capacity in managing community-based microfinance. In addition, they are gaining experience in establishing microfinance services for young people and providing business and entrepreneurial training.
通过改善金融包容性增强经济安全。促进创业精神，支持年轻人及其家庭的生计机会。这将通过发展储蓄文化、提高金融素养、提高创业技能和公众普遍信心来实现，这也有助于CARE的当地合作伙伴提高管理社区小额供资的能力。此外，他们在为年轻人建立小额供资服务以及提供商业和创业培训方面正在积累经验。
Change management 变更管理
One of the examples of change management Barclays did was on communications, biggest challenge was how to communicate its restructuring plan to 45,000 employees, cause if the restructuring was not communicated in effective way it could lead to chaos and also lead to attrition. So Barclays came with a plane which included following, but to start off they adopted top three elements.
巴克莱变革管理的一个例子是沟通，最大的挑战是如何将其重组计划传达给45000名员工，因为如果重组没有得到有效沟通，可能会导致混乱，也会导致人员流失。所以巴克莱带来了一架飞机，其中包括跟随者，但一开始他们采用了前三个要素。
Involve audience by engaging them 让观众参与进来
To simplify the message to employees by informing what was important for the business 通过告知对业务重要的内容来简化向员工传达的信息
Ensure all information was attributed to brand values and organizational priorities 确保所有信息都归因于品牌价值和组织优先事项
To Ensure face to face delivery plays a vital role 确保面对面交付发挥重要作用
Using appropriate communication channel 使用适当的沟通渠道
Involving audience by engaging them 通过吸引观众参与来吸引他们
If top level managers wanted to share information they used a newsletter format, but if there was any information which was very important they used a video or presentation on their internal website.
如果高层管理人员想要分享信息，他们会使用新闻稿格式，但如果有任何非常重要的信息，他们则会在内部网站上使用视频或演示文稿。
To inculcate change successfully, Barclays involved its employees by taking their opinion by having open communication
为了成功地灌输变革，巴克莱通过公开沟通听取员工的意见，让员工参与进来
Simplifying the message 简化信息
Important challenges were communicating the most important objective of the business. 重要的挑战是沟通业务最重要的目标
Thorough understanding of the stuff which they are working on 彻底了解他们正在做的事情
Work as team 团队合作
Giving high priority to customer, just the way we wanted to treat. 按照我们想要的方式，高度重视客户
Performance based promotions. 基于绩效的促销
Focus on Face-to-Face Delivery 关注面对面交付
To share financial results CEO went on road show in which he asked questions and also addressed concerns that employees had. This presentation reiterated that change had been made and the communication between CEO and front line employees was progresses in smooth way.
为了分享财务业绩，首席执行官参加了路演，他在路演中提出了问题，并解决了员工的担忧。这次演讲重申，已经做出了改变，首席执行官和一线员工之间的沟通进展顺利。
By following this change management in communication new leadership team joined hand together and concluded on one agenda, Employees were given the priority of tasks and number of miscommunication going across was reduced drastically, objectives got cleared.
通过在沟通中遵循这一变革管理，新的领导团队携手合作，在一个议程上达成一致，员工得到了任务的优先权，沟通失误的数量大幅减少，目标明确。
Merger and Acquisition 并购
In 2008 Barclays acquired core assets of Lehman brothers which are fourth largest investment bank in US which filed for bankruptcy. By acquiring this Barclays made its strong presence in US in Investment banking and trading business. This also added value to Barclay’s financial capital. Initially employees were scared about their job loss. Though profit was down by 24% but there was asset inflow.
2008年，巴克莱收购了雷曼兄弟的核心资产，雷曼兄弟是美国第四大申请破产的投资银行。通过收购，巴克莱银行在美国的投资银行和交易业务取得了强大的影响力。这也增加了巴克莱金融资本的价值。起初，员工们担心失业。虽然利润下降了24%，但仍有资产流入。
After acquiring Lehman Brother’s now Barclays is facing court trials. Lehman is filling a case against Barclays for allegedly ripping it off to the tune of $11bn over the deal. In this deal Barclays took over 10,000 employees and made a strong presence on Wall Street. Barclays is accused of negotiating some discounts on assets with co-operation of Lehman top executives who were offered better and more pay.
收购雷曼兄弟（Lehman Brother）之后，巴克莱银行现在面临法庭审判。雷曼兄弟（Lehman）正在对巴克莱（Barclays）提起诉讼，指控巴克莱涉嫌在交易中盗取110亿美元。在这笔交易中，巴克莱收购了10000多名员工，并在华尔街大显身手。巴克莱被指控与雷曼高管合作，就资产折扣进行谈判，后者获得了更高的薪酬。
In 2005 Barclays acquired Absa, and in 2007 this acquisition was criticized from the governor of the South African Reserve Bank saying that it will expose bank to greater risks in economy than acceptable. Whereas it over came all the criticism by offering better products and services to customers. In 2008 Barclays became the first bank in South Africa to reach one million internet users.
2005年，巴克莱银行收购了Absa，2007年，南非储备银行（South African Reserve Bank）行长批评了这一收购，称这将使该银行面临比可接受的更大的经济风险。然而，通过向客户提供更好的产品和服务，它结束了所有批评。2008年，巴克莱银行成为南非第一家接触100万互联网用户的银行。
Sustainability of Barclays 巴克莱银行的可持续性
Faith and level of confidence was brought down in this year, share prices almost went down drastically. Many banks which had good financial assets were acquired by competitors. Barclays was not an exception even it had to undergo financial challenges which was brought by credit crunch. They had to raise capital to meet the new laws introduced across the banking sector. Barclays had to raise capital in way that it did not take much preventive measure. This caused lot of turbulence amongst stakeholders.
今年信心和信心水平下降，股价几乎大幅下跌。许多拥有良好金融资产的银行被竞争对手收购。巴克莱银行也不例外，即使它必须经受信贷紧缩带来的金融挑战。他们必须筹集资金，以满足银行业引入的新法律。巴克莱必须以不采取太多预防措施的方式筹集资金。这在利益相关者中造成了许多动荡。
To overcome the above challenge Barclays started diversifying business and making it presence in market and sectors which were growing rapidly. Banks strength lies on diversification in terms of Business, Geography and products. Barclays made strategic move by acquiring Lehman Brother’, The UK Goldfish Credit card business, Expobank in Russia, The Italian residential mortgage business of Macquaire Bank limited and PT Bank Akita in Indonesia
为了克服上述挑战，巴克莱开始实现业务多元化，并在快速增长的市场和行业中占有一席之地。银行的优势在于业务、地理和产品的多样化。巴克莱银行通过收购雷曼兄弟（Lehman Brother）、英国金鱼信用卡业务、俄罗斯出口银行（Expobank in Russia）、Macquaire Bank limited旗下的意大利住房抵押贷款业务和印尼PT Bank Akita，采取了战略举措
Introduction on new products and innovation 新产品和创新介绍
In 2008, Barclays introduced Mobile banking, now customer can pay their bill just by sending SMS, they can check balance in their account. Barclays also launched Al-Safi Investment platform, which is Islamic Finance equal to Shariah format for both conventional equity strategies and also a prospect to gain from falling prices. Barclays also launched new investment products to help investors diversify their portfolio when market is uncertain or volatile and it was called Commodity investment index. Barclays focuses on new innovation to help clients for e.g. Contribution Pension plans offers wide diversification and bestows solutions on income. By understanding this Barclays developed a product called “SponsorMatch”
Coursework范文中提到2008年，巴克莱银行推出了手机银行，现在客户只需发送短信就可以支付账单，他们可以检查账户余额。巴克莱银行还推出了Al-Safi投资平台，该平台是伊斯兰金融，在传统股权战略和价格下跌中都可以获利。巴克莱还推出了新的投资产品，以帮助投资者在市场不确定或波动时分散投资组合，这被称为商品投资指数。巴克莱银行专注于新的创新，以帮助客户实现养老金缴款计划的广泛多样化，并为收入提供解决方案。通过了解这一点，巴克莱银行开发了一款名为“SponsorMatch”的产品。本站提供各国各专业Coursework写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。
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