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International Studies Coursework格式-1500年以来欧美的全球化。本文是一篇留学生国际研究课程作业格式范文，主要内容是讲述全球化包括世界地理领域的实际扩张。过去二十年来，全球化已成为各国发展的一个国际方面。全球化促进了世界的文化和科学发展。技术创新带来的全球资本、贸易和知识交流的增加促进了各国的社会经济绩效。这篇Coursework通过资料提出1500年大多数贸易地区都崇拜通过印度洋的贸易，在那里，葡萄牙人、英国人、法国人和荷兰人等商人在印度洋贸易路线周围定居。欧洲人通过军队控制了海洋，从而加速了他们在贸易领域的竞争。武装分子为贸易商提供了进入港口进行安全过境的机会，从而扩大了贸易领域。全球化影响了从1500年到现在的国家发展，其结果是探索、寻找新的土地和资源、增加贸易协议，以及分享宗教信仰，如在全球传播基督教信仰的美国人和欧洲人。以下就是这篇Coursework范文的具体内容，供参考。
Introduction 引言 Globalization includes the physical expansion of geographical domains in the world. Since the past two decades, globalization has become an international aspect of development in countries. Globalization has promoted the world both culturally and scientifically. The increased exchange of capital, trade, and knowledge worldwide, which result from technological innovations facilitate the socio-economic performance of states. In 1500, most trade regions idolized trade through the Indian Ocean, where the traders such as the Portuguese, British, French, and Dutch settled around the Indian Ocean trade routes[1]. The Europeans accelerated their competition in the trade sector by taking control of the sea through their military. The militants created an opportunity for the traders to access the ports for safe transit, leading to increased expansion of the trade domains. Globalization impacted the development of states from 1500 to the present as a result of exploring, finding new land and resources, increased trade deals, and sharing the religion beliefs such as the Americans and Europeans who spread their faith in Christianity globally. Research and Analysis 研究与分析 Globalization includes various aspects such as economic, political, social and philosophical aspects. The process consists of international integration which arises from the exchange of world culture, ideas, products and views. The advances in industrialization, increased global travel and transportation, rapid population growth and technology advent exist as some of the impacts of globalization worldwide. The expansion of European countries in 1500 led to the development of the Atlantic System, which connected the New World, West Africa and Europe economies. Apart from the international relations creating a boost in European and American economy, the Atlantic system facilitated the development of the regions’ norms and values such as free labor, nuclear family and monogamy. 全球化包括经济、政治、社会和哲学等各个方面。这一过程包括国际一体化，这是由于世界文化、思想、产品和观点的交流而产生的。工业化的进步、全球旅行和运输的增加、人口的快速增长和技术的出现是全球化在世界范围内的一些影响。1500年欧洲国家的扩张导致了大西洋体系的发展，该体系连接了新世界、西非和欧洲经济。除了国际关系促进了欧洲和美国经济的发展外，大西洋体系促进了该地区规范和价值观的发展，如自由劳动、核心家庭和一夫一妻制。 Social and Philosophical Forces 社会和哲学力量 In 1500 the world traders practiced long-distance trade. Trade existed as the main reason for international communication and long travels through the sea and the Indian Ocean. As the traders from all regions in the world interacted in the trade centers, they practiced cultural globalization which included the transmission of world’s values, meanings and ideas. The traders settled around the trade routes and dominated different sections for instance, Europeans had control over the sea routes. International travel and settling facilitated the process of colonization and commodity exchange. Since the long-distance traders had different religious beliefs and social practices, the quest for settlement encouraged the spread and diversification of culture. For instance, the British and European missionaries who moved into the Asian and African countries ensured the spread of Christianity in the regions. 1500年，世界各地的商人进行长途贸易。贸易是国际交流和长途穿越海洋和印度洋的主要原因。当来自世界各地的商人在贸易中心互动时，他们践行了文化全球化，其中包括世界价值观、意义和思想的传递。商人们在贸易路线周围定居，并控制着不同的地区。例如，欧洲人控制着海路。国际旅行和定居促进了殖民和商品交换的进程。由于长途商人有不同的宗教信仰和社会习俗，寻求定居鼓励了文化的传播和多样化。例如，移居亚洲和非洲国家的英国和欧洲传教士确保了基督教在该地区的传播。 On the other hand, the introduction of new education systems in Africa dates back to the missionaries. The existence of limited uniqueness in communities worldwide relates to cultural globalization. In the present day, American culture dominates the world. American and European countries consist of different races such as the African-Americans, Hispanics and Asians who moved and settled in the states during the post-colonial period because of trade, marriage and education. 另一方面，非洲引入新的教育体系可以追溯到传教士时期。世界各地社区的有限独特性与文化全球化有关。当今世界，美国文化主宰着世界。美国和欧洲国家由不同种族组成，如非洲裔美国人、西班牙裔和亚洲人，他们在后殖民时期因贸易、婚姻和教育而移居和定居在美国。 Economic forces 经济力量 Trade played a significant role in the period between 1500 to 1750. The long-distance traders performed the exchange of goods between Europe, Australia, America, Asia and Africa. As trade capitalism increased in the regions, the established economic relations promoted proto-globalization because of the increase in interconnected national markets, transport and infrastructure development and creation of trade institutions. During the 19th century, Europe dominated international trade development because it gained power over sea routes. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Asian countries, especially China, invested more in exports[2]. The United States gained economic dependence from the exchange of lumber, tobacco, dried fish and rice. On the other hand, Europe supplied silver across Africa and Asia. The creation of colonies in the world expanded the German-speaking population, European cities which include Milan, Naples, Genoa and Venice increased in the community. 贸易在1500年至1750年间发挥了重要作用。长途贸易商在欧洲、澳大利亚、美国、亚洲和非洲之间进行货物交换。随着贸易资本主义在各地区的发展，由于相互联系的国家市场、运输和基础设施的发展以及贸易机构的建立，已建立的经济关系促进了原始全球化。在19世纪，欧洲主导了国际贸易发展，因为它获得了对海路的控制权。21世纪初，亚洲国家，特别是中国，对出口的投资增加了。美国从木材、烟草、鱼干和大米的交换中获得了经济依赖。另一方面，欧洲向非洲和亚洲供应白银。在世界上建立殖民地扩大了德语人口，包括米兰、那不勒斯、热那亚和威尼斯在内的欧洲城市也增加了德语人口。 Political Forces 政治力量 During the First World War and Industrial revolution, France, Germany and Britain had power over the economic growth of global markets because they focused on industrial products’ exportation and raw materials’ importation. After the Second World War, international traders adopted national concepts instead of currency and foreign economic policies. Political institutions which were formed during the period ensured proper relations and connection of the global markets. The Bretton Woods Conference, which was held in 1944, facilitated the regulation of financial order and international monetary where many nations were forced to lower trade barriers[3]. The World Trade Organization and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which were created after the second world war ensured reduced transport costs, free trade zones, global corporations’ subsidies and capital controls’ elimination. 在第一次世界大战和工业革命期间，法国、德国和英国控制着全球市场的经济增长，因为它们专注于工业产品的出口和原材料的进口。第二次世界大战后，国际贸易商采用国家概念，而不是货币和对外经济政策。在此期间形成的政治机构确保了全球市场的适当关系和联系。1944年召开的布雷顿森林会议促进了金融秩序和国际货币的监管，许多国家被迫降低贸易壁垒。第二次世界大战后成立的世界贸易组织和关税与贸易总协定确保了运输成本的降低、自由贸易区、全球公司的补贴和资本管制的取消。 Forces of Globalization 全球化的力量 With the increase in exportation and importation of raw materials and industrial goods, European and American regions gained macro-economic stabilization and structural reforms. The settlement of traders in the regions’ neighborhood such as Asia and Africa encouraged economic investment in the countries. In the present day, China and India exist as the most productive nations in the international markets[4]. The Asian and Latin American nations changed to foreign trade liberalization to gain competition over Europe during the 19th century. The large population in the Asian countries reflects on the migration of traders into the nations. 随着原材料和工业品进出口的增加，欧洲和美洲地区实现了宏观经济稳定和结构改革。贸易商在亚洲和非洲等地区附近的定居鼓励了这些国家的经济投资。目前，中国和印度是国际市场上产量最高的国家。19世纪，亚洲和拉丁美洲国家转向对外贸易自由化，以赢得对欧洲的竞争。亚洲国家人口众多，反映了商人向这些国家的迁移。 Historical Perspective 历史视角 Globalization originated in 1500 before the Europeans’ cross-country travel. The interaction between the world traders and the development of political trade institutions facilitated the socio-economic growth of the member states[5]. Before World War 1, Europe had the most contribution to the World Gross Domestic Product. America’s expansion began from its involvement in the worldwide exchange of raw material such as tobacco. In the present day, it exists as one of the best innovative nations in the world. It records the leading supplier of technology, for instance, Apple smartphones and iPads get their design from America. 全球化起源于1500年，先于欧洲人的跨国旅行。世界贸易者之间的互动和政治贸易机构的发展促进了成员国的社会经济增长。在第一次世界大战之前，欧洲对世界国内生产总值的贡献最大。美国的扩张始于参与烟草等原材料的全球交换。今天，它是世界上最具创新精神的国家之一。它记录了领先的技术供应商，例如，苹果智能手机和iPad的设计来自美国。 Conclusion 结论 Globalization promotes states developments through geographical regions’ expansion, exchange of cultures and interrelation among people. Globalization in Europe and America began in 1500 through the long-distance traders. The settlement of the traders around the sea and Indian Ocean routes facilitated culture exchange and increased demand in goods. Colonization and the spread of religions encouraged improved transportation and education systems in various regions such as Africa. Bibliography 参考文献 Berend, Ivan T. An economic history of twentieth-century Europe: economic regimes from laissez-faire to globalization. Cambridge University Press, 2016. Gunn, Geoffrey C. First globalization: the Eurasian exchange, 1500-1800. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2003. Manning, Patrick. Slave trades, 1500–1800: Globalization of forced labour. Routledge, 2016. Nederveen. “Periodizing globalization: Histories of globalization.” New Global Studies 6, no. 2 (2012). Pieterse, Jan Nederveen. “Periodizing globalization: Histories of globalization.” New Global Studies 6, no. 2 (2012). Coursework总结全球化通过地理区域的扩张、文化的交流和人与人之间的相互关系促进国家的发展。1500年，欧洲和美国的全球化开始于长途贸易。商人在海上和印度洋航线周围的定居促进了文化交流，增加了对货物的需求。殖民和宗教的传播鼓励非洲等不同地区改善交通和教育系统。本站提供各国各专业留学生Coursework写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台 |
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