英国Financial Coursework范文：Monitoring Business Behaviour: Financial Services Authority

英国Financial Coursework范文-监控商业行为：英国金融服务管理局。本文是一篇留学生金融课程作业写作范文，主要内容是介绍最初英国主要的金融监管机构之一是金融服务管理局（FSA）。这是一个独立的监管机构，成立于1997年，有效地由受监管的公司提供资金，并向财政部负责。FSA有权在2000年《金融服务和市场法》的支持下采取行动。最近，FSA受到了广泛的批评，被认为不合适。根据Treanor的说法，英国金融服务管理局无法控制银行，实际上允许企业在21世纪中期以几乎最低的控制投入呈指数级扩张。随后，财政大臣在2013年透露了更换FSA的计划，此前有人声称FSA实际上已经失败，并且有人声称该机构由其监管的公司资助，这是既得利益。实际上，这表明了如果一个机构未能实现其主要目标，它可以付出的最终惩罚。下面就一起来看一下这篇Financial Coursework写作范文的具体内容。

Coursework-What are some of the watchdog organizations that are tasked with monitoring the behavior of corporations? What happens if they fall down on the job? Should they receive a penalty?负责监督企业行为的监督机构有哪些？如果他们在工作中失败了会发生什么？他们应该受到惩罚吗？

Originally, one of the key UK Financial regulators was the Financial Services Authority (FSA). This was an independent regulatory authority created in 1997 effectively financed from the regulated corporations and answerable to the Treasury. The FSA was empowered to act under the auspices of the Financial Services and Markets Act of 2000. Recently, the FSA received extensive criticism and was deemed unsuitable. According to Treanor (2013), the FSA was unable to control the banks and in effect allowed corporations to expand exponentially in the mid 2000s with virtually minimal input into their control. Subsequently, the Chancellor of the Exchequer revealed plans in 2013 to replace the FSA following claims that the FSA had effectively failed and there were claims that there was a vested interest in that the body was funded by the corporations it regulated (The New Statesman, 2013). Effectively, this demonstrates the ultimate penalty that a body can pay if it fails in its primary goal.

The FSA according to Meek (2012) was divided into two bodies with responsibility for prudential and conduct elements. According to Chapelle (2014), jurisdiction for the control element was handed over to the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which has responsibility to oversee the financial services industry concerning conduct. The FCA regulates approximately 56,000 UK based financial companies and markets.

Coursework根据Meek的说法，FSA分为两个机构，负责审慎和行为要素。根据Chapelle的说法，控制要素的管辖权已移交给金融行为监管局，该局负责监督金融服务业的行为。FCA监管着大约56000家英国金融公司和市场。

The FCA serves as an enforcement agent with the power to sanction and body which may not only sanction and penalize members under its authority, but additionally, to bring criminal charges to individuals who transgress the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. The FCA works in conjunction with the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) which focusses on the investigation and subsequent prosecution of fraud (Gilchrist, 2012).

金融行为监管局是一个有权制裁的执法机构，不仅可以制裁和惩罚其管辖下的成员，还可以对违反2000年《金融服务和市场法》的个人提起刑事指控。FCA与严重欺诈办公室合作，后者专注于欺诈的调查和后续起诉。

In April 2014 the FCA was designated the responsible authority to deal with the regulation of consumer credit-previously under the jurisdiction of the Office Of Fair Trading (Emery, 2015). Since its instigation, the FCA has penalized banks for greater penalties relating to the Libor and exchange rate scandals, increased compensation for customers following insurance scandals (Binham and Guthrie, 2015).

2014年4月，金融行为监管局被指定为负责处理此前由公平贸易办公室管辖的消费信贷监管的机构。自其煽动以来，金融行为监管局已对银行进行了处罚，要求其对伦敦银行同业拆借利率和汇率丑闻进行更严厉的处罚，并在保险丑闻后增加了对客户的赔偿。

According to Meek (2012), control of the prudential element was handed over to the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), which will oversee the validity of financial corporations. The PRA is a section of the Bank of England and it additionally acts as the prudential regulator for approximately 25,000 of the corporations it oversees. Its primary role is to ensure financial institutions, including banks, insurers and certain investment firms, own sufficient capital and liquidity in the event of an adverse situation occurring. According to Cannon and Adams (2012) the PRA has a number of specific roles. This includes the monitoring and controlling the conduct of business supervision of financial corporations, prudential and conduct of business and markets supervision of corporations outside the PRA remit and enforcement.

An additional regulatory body is the Consumer Protection and Markets Authority (CMA) which took over the functions of the Competition Commission from 1 April 2014. As with the PRA, this body is part of the Bank of England and oversees such elements as anti-competitive practices, market failure, imbalanced contractual terms and conditions and competition-related matters. The CMA merged with the Office of Fair Trading absorbing its roles and responsibilities into the CMA. In its first year of operation, the CMA imposed fines of approximately £47 million focusing on high-value markets (Chisholm, 2016).

根据Meek的说法，审慎因素的控制权已移交给审慎监管局，后者将监督金融公司的有效性。审慎监管局是英格兰银行的一个部门，它还担任其监管的大约25000家公司的审慎监管机构。其主要作用是确保包括银行、保险公司和某些投资公司在内的金融机构在出现不利情况时拥有足够的资本和流动性。根据Cannon和Adams的说法，审慎监管局有许多特定的角色。这包括监督和控制金融公司的业务监管行为，审慎监管局职权范围和执行范围之外的公司的业务和市场监管行为。

References 参考文献

Binham, C., Guthrie, J., (2015). FCA: On the wrong side of the argument? Financial Times. Retrieved March 22, 2017

Cannon, L., Adams, P., (2012). Twin peaks regulation. Operational Risk & Regulation; London13.10 (Oct 2012): 32-33.

Chapelle, A., (2014). Conduct, not ‘conduct risk’. Operational Risk & Regulation; London15.10 (Nov 2014): 35.

Chisholm, A. (2016, July 21). United Kingdom: Competition and Markets Authority. Retrieved March 24, 2017

Emery, E., (2015). Consumer Credit under the Financial Conduct Authority. Credit Management; Stamford (Mar 2015): 67.

Gilchrist, S., (2012). The UK Financial Regulator and Serious Financial Crime. Credit Control; Hutton 33.1 (2012): 21-28.

Meek, J., (2012). Questions raised over FSA’s new twin peaks structure

另一个监管机构是消费者保护和市场管理局，该局从2014年4月1日起接管了竞争委员会的职能。与审慎监管局一样，该机构是英格兰银行的一部分，负责监管反竞争行为、市场失灵、不平衡的合同条款和条件以及与竞争有关的事项。CMA与公平贸易办公室合并，将其角色和职责并入CMA。在运营的第一年，CMA对高价值市场处以约4700万英镑的罚款。本站提供各国各专业留学生Coursework范文，以及Coursework写作辅导，如有需要可咨询本平台。