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新西兰essay格式范文-新西兰可持续奶牛场。本文是一篇新西兰留学essay写作格式范文，主要内容是讲述奶农们充满活力，进一步加强自己的组织，帮助新西兰创造美好的未来。Essay提出在接下来的几十年里，全球乳制品市场提供了重要的发展和创造尊重的机会。此外，个体农业活动和工业活动目前正在做一些应该做的事情来抓住这些敞开的大门，尽管由可能，但应该有更大的可能，特别是在为所有新西兰人的利益而工作的时候。
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 执行摘要 Dairy farmers are profoundly energetic to strengthen their own organizations furthermore, help manufacture a superior future for New Zealand. Worldwide dairy markets offer significant development and esteem creation opportunities throughout the following decades. Individual agriculturist activity furthermore, industry activities are as of now doing some of what should be done to catch these open doors, be that as it may, more should be possible especially in working for the advantage of all New Zealanders. The strategic vision is ‘dairy farming working for everyone’. To accomplish this vision, dairy farming must be focused and mindful. Protecting furthermore, improving New Zealand dairy farming’s upper hand is a proceeded with exertion, expanding on past systems and focussing on the key territories that have any kind of effect to the monetary performance of dairy farming. Dairy farming must likewise address its duties inside and outside the cultivate door. A dependable dairy cultivating industry is one which illustrates great stewardship of assets, recognizes its obligation of care to individuals what’s more, creatures, and which assembles a superior New Zealand through the commitments agriculturists and the more extensive industry to New Zealand society. 本篇essay提出战略愿景是“奶牛养殖为每个人服务”。为了实现这一愿景，奶牛养殖必须集中精力。此外，保护和提高新西兰奶牛养殖的优势是一项持续的努力，扩大了过去的制度，并将重点放在对奶牛养殖的货币表现有任何影响的关键领域。奶牛养殖同样必须履行其在养殖门内外的职责。一个可靠的奶制品种植业体现了对资产的良好管理，承认其对个人（更重要的是，生物）的照顾义务，并通过农学家和更广泛的产业对新西兰社会的承诺，建立了一个卓越的新西兰。 This essay outlines key destinations adjusted to being competitive and responsible. Meeting these objectives will make a more sustainable future for dairy farming in New Zealand. 本篇essay概述了为具有竞争力和负责任而调整的主要目的地。实现这些目标将使新西兰奶牛养殖的未来更加可持续。 ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES 资源分配 According to Business Dictionary 根据《商业词典》 Analysis of how scarce resources (‘factors of production’) are distributed among producers, and how scarce goods and services are apportioned among consumers. This analysis takes into consideration the accounting cost, economic cost, opportunity cost, and other costs of resources and goods and services. Allocation of resources is a central theme in economics (which is essentially a study of how resources are allocated) and is associated with economic efficiency and maximization of utility. Essay分析了稀缺资源（“生产要素”）如何在生产者之间分配，以及稀缺商品和服务如何在消费者之间分配。该分析考虑了资源、商品和服务的会计成本、经济成本、机会成本以及其他成本。资源分配是经济学的一个中心主题（本质上是对资源如何分配的研究），与经济效率和效用最大化有关。 Definition of Resource Allocation 资源分配的定义 Resource allocation is a process and strategy including an organization choosing where scare resources ought to be utilized as a part of the production of goods or services. A resource can be considered as any factor of production, which is something used to deliver products or services. Resources include such things as labour, land, machinery, tools and equipment, technology, and natural resources, and monetary assets, for example, money. 资源分配是一个过程和策略，包括一个组织选择应该将稀缺资源用作商品或服务生产的一部分。资源可以被视为任何生产要素，是用来提供产品或服务的东西。资源包括劳动力、土地、机械、工具和设备、技术和自然资源，以及货币资产，例如货币。 Resource allocation is the process toward assigning and managing assets in a way that supports an association’s strategic objectives. 资源分配是以支持协会战略目标的方式分配和管理资产的过程。 Resource allocation includes managing tangible assets, for example, equipment to make the best utilization of softer assets, for example, human capital. Resource allocation includes adjusting competing necessities and priorities and deciding the best strategy keeping in mind the end goal to maximize the successful utilization of limited resources and gain the best rate of return. 资源分配包括管理有形资产，例如设备，以最大限度地利用软资产，例如人力资本。资源分配包括调整相互竞争的必需品和优先事项，并在考虑最终目标的情况下决定最佳战略，以最大限度地成功利用有限的资源并获得最佳回报率。
OVERVIEW 概述 About the NZ Dairy Industry 关于新西兰乳制品行业 Fast Facts 你应该快速知道的事实 New Zealand represents 3% of aggregate world production 新西兰占世界总产量的3% New Zealand exports around 95% of its dairy production 新西兰约95%的乳制品出口 In the year to June 2016, dairy was New Zealand’s biggest export segment (18% of aggregate products and service exports)截至2016年6月，乳制品是新西兰最大的出口部门（占产品和服务出口总额的18%） New Zealand exported NZ$ 12.4 billion worth of dairy products in the year ending June 2016 截至2016年6月，新西兰出口了价值124亿新西兰元的乳制品 The main five markets for New Zealand dairy exports are: China, United States, United Arab Emirates, Australia, Japan 新西兰乳制品出口的五个主要市场是：中国、美国、阿拉伯联合酋长国、澳大利亚、日本 New Zealand’s main four dairy export products are: whole milk powder (37%), cheese (12%), skim milk powder (10%), and butter (9%) 新西兰主要的四种乳制品出口产品是：全脂奶粉（37%）、奶酪（12%）、脱脂奶粉（10%）和黄油（9%） Protein products, UHT drain, and new-born child recipe represented 21% of New Zealand dairy exports in 2015, up from 16% in 2013 2015年，蛋白质产品、超高温灭菌排水和新生儿配方占新西兰乳制品出口的21%，高于2013年的16% Dairy is a part of New Zealand Heritage 乳制品是新西兰遗产的一部分 New Zealand’s first dairy processing plant was built up around 1875 and the principal export shipment of refrigerated butter left Dunedin in 1882. Since this time, the industry has taken after a way of development and combination, culminating in the Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001, which sets up the current regulatory framework for the industry. 新西兰第一家乳制品加工厂建于1875年左右，1882年，冷藏黄油的主要出口货物离开达尼丁。从那时起，该行业采取了一种发展和合并的方式，最终通过了2001年《乳制品行业重组法》，该法为该行业建立了当前的监管框架。 New Zealand’s delivers an extensive variety of dairy products. Milk powders are a substantial part of the product mix, mirroring the sharp regularity of New Zealand milk production, distance from market, market access and demand flow, and New Zealand’s skill in milk powder producing. New Zealand dairy organizations are trusted providers of a full scope of dairy products, including of high esteem dairy nutritional products, specific dairy ingredients for food service, and new-born child recipes. 新西兰提供种类繁多的乳制品。奶粉是产品组合的重要组成部分，反映了新西兰牛奶生产的鲜明规律、与市场的距离、市场准入和需求流，以及新西兰在奶粉生产方面的技能。新西兰乳制品组织是全方位乳制品的可靠供应商，包括备受推崇的乳制品营养产品、食品服务的特定乳制品成分和新生儿配方。 ALLOCATION OF BUDGET 预算分配 Budget allocation is a critical part of all business and not-for-profit financial plans. Budgets are ordinarily set every year and include allocating anticipated income and resources between various divisions and business interests. The amount of funding allocated to every area forces limitations on the extent of the department’s development. For instance, if there is a reduction in financing, then some staff must be made excess. 预算分配是所有商业和非营利财务计划的重要组成部分。预算通常每年制定，包括在各个部门和商业利益之间分配预期收入和资源。分配给每个领域的资金数额迫使该部门的发展受到限制。例如，如果资金减少，那么必须让一些工作人员超额。 DairyNZ has developed straightforward budget formats and guides.DairyNZ开发了简单明了的预算格式和指南。 A cash flow outlines your month to month financial circumstance. It estimates; on a month-by-month basis, what salary you expect and what you anticipate spending. Effectively utilizing a financial plan during the season gives you a chance to monitor progress and make restorative move where essential. 现金流概述了你每月的财务状况。它估计；一个月一个月，你期望的薪水和你期望的支出。在赛季中有效利用财务计划可以让你有机会监控进度，并在必要时采取恢复性行动。 Annual Cash Budget 年度现金预算 An annual cash budget point of cash received and cash costs going out. It indicates if the business is sustainable and estimates any cash surplus or deficiency for the season. 收到的现金和支出的现金成本的年度现金预算点。它表明业务是否可持续，并估计本季度的现金盈余或不足。 Monthly Cash flow Budget 月度现金流预算 A cash flow budget traces your month to month finance related circumstance. It estimates; on a month-by-month basis, what income you expect and what you anticipate spending. 现金流预算可以追踪你每月与财务相关的情况。它估计；按月计算，你预期的收入和支出。 Personal Cash Budget 个人现金预算 A personal cash budget is for any individual who needs to know where their cash is going. Finishing a personal budget gives more prominent control over personal expenditure and gives you a chance to figure out where reserve funds could be made for large items, for example, abroad occasions, or to develop an aggregate of cash for future investment or retirement. It is especially valuable for agriculturists on a wage or pay. 个人现金预算适用于任何需要知道现金去向的个人。完成个人预算可以更突出地控制个人支出，并让你有机会弄清楚哪些地方可以为大型项目（例如出国活动）设立储备资金，或者为未来的投资或退休开发现金总额。它对拿工资或薪水的农学家来说尤其有价值。 Partial Budget 部分预算 Partial budgeting is a basic planning tool used to estimate the monetary benefit or loss by changing some part of the business or making a “partial” change to the farm system. 部分预算是一种基本的规划工具，用于通过改变业务的某些部分或对农业系统进行“部分”改变来估计货币收益或损失。
Water Meters and Monitoring 水表和监测 Water meters are the best approach to monitor water utilize. They can detect little breaks and losses and are a successful approach to track occasional and annual consumption. 水表是监测水资源利用的最佳方法。它们可以检测到微小的中断和损失，是跟踪偶尔和年度消费的成功方法。 A basic water meter (costing about $350) will help detect where water can be saved and recognize water proficiency choices on-farm. They are a profitable element of any farm taking a stab at sustainable water utilizes. 一个基本的水表（价格约为350美元）将有助于检测哪里可以节约用水，并识别农场的用水能力选择。对于任何尝试可持续用水的农场来说，它们都是有利可图的因素。 Monitoring Water Meters 监测水表 Read meters in the meantime and day on a general timetable to guarantee readings are predictable. Readings can be recorded on DairyNZ’s. 在一般时间表上同时和每天读取仪表，以确保读数是可预测的。可以在DairyNZ上记录读数。 At any rate once every month, read the meter late at night and again early the following morning, to check for little or unnoticed breaks. 无论如何，每个月都要读一次表，在深夜读，第二天凌晨再读，以检查是否有少量或未被注意到的中断。 Assigning meter-reading obligation to one individual makes it a player in a routine and diminishes the chance of it being overlooked. 将抄表义务分配给一个人，使其成为日常生活中的一员，并减少了被忽视的机会。 Tracking Trends 跟踪趋势 Record meter readings consistently to track regular and yearly homestead water utilize. The business assesses that average water use for draining bovines is around 140 liters/day (70L for drinking and 70L in the homestead dairy). 持续记录水表读数，以跟踪定期和每年的宅基地用水情况。该公司评估，排牛的平均用水量约为140升/天（70升用于饮用，70升用于家庭奶牛场）。 Climate conditions and encourage will influence stock water consumption. On the off chance that general water use on the ranch consistently surpasses 140L/day, it merits having a more critical search for conceivable water misfortunes or wasteful aspects in operation. 气候条件和鼓励措施将影响存量用水量。牧场的一般用水量持续超过140L/天的可能性很小，因此有必要对运营中可能出现的水资源灾难或浪费进行更严格的搜索。 Selecting a Water Meter 选择水表 Introducing a water meter permits you to record genuine water utilize and distinguish regions where water can be utilized all the more proficiently. 引入水表可以让你记录真正的用水情况，并更熟练地区分可以用水的地区。 Water system New Zealand’s Water Measurement ‘Blue Tick’ licensed administrators are suggested for establishment of water meters and can give exhortation on the most appropriate alternative. 建议新西兰供水系统的“Blue Tick”持照管理人员建立水表，并就最合适的替代方案提出建议。 Types of Water Meters 水表类型 There are two fundamental sorts of water meter accessible to monitor shed water utilize; mechanical and electromagnetic. The cost and varies shifts between these meters. When all is said in done mechanical water meters are the least expensive in advance however require prior substitution and have poorer exactness than the electromagnetic. 有两种基本类型的水表可用于监测棚水利用情况；机械和电磁。成本和这些仪表之间的变化各不相同。当一切都说完成时，机械水表是最便宜的，但需要事先更换，并且精度比电磁水表差。 Mechanical Water Meter 机械水表 Most mechanical meters have an impeller that is pivoted by water going through the meter. The measure of turns is meant a volumetric perusing. The meters are accessible in different sizes and the funnels either side of them, must be brimming with water amid measuring to guarantee they are precise. 大多数机械流量计都有一个叶轮，通过流经流量计的水使其转动。转弯的测量意味着体积细读。可以使用不同尺寸的电表，电表两侧的漏斗在测量过程中必须装满水，以确保其精确性。 Advantages 优点 Reliable and accurate estimation giving the meter is accurately installed.仪表安装准确，估计可靠、准确。 Moderately low introductory cost contrasted with electromagnetic 与电磁阀相比，入门成本适中 In-line support with basic productive component.与基本生产组件保持一致。 Replacement for parts (e.g. impellers) promptly accessible.零件（如叶轮）的更换可立即进行。 Disadvantages 缺点 Hard to recognize breakdown or human impedance to meter while working if worked with an information lumberjack.与信息伐木工一起工作时，很难识别仪表的击穿或人体阻抗。 Inclined to wear in salty water, conceivably bringing about loss of exactness.易在盐水中磨损，可能会导致精度下降。 Some head loss qualities.有些令人头疼的品质。 Electromagnetic Water Meter 电磁水表 An electromagnetic meter comprises of a segment of pipe with an attractive field around it and cathodes which decide stream in view of how the electrical voltage is changed by the water stream. 电磁流量计由一段管和阴极组成，管周围有一个吸引场，阴极根据水流如何改变电压来决定水流。 This sort of meter is delivered in a scope of standard sizes and flow capacities. 这种流量计有标准尺寸和流量范围。 Advantages 优点 High level of exactness (+/ – 0.15-2%) and steady over full stream go.高水平的精确性（+/-0.15-2%），并在全速运行时保持稳定。 Wide flow extend and no obstacles to stream.水流宽阔，无障碍。 Vigorous with insignificant routine upkeep required.生命力旺盛，需要少量的日常保养。 No moving parts.没有移动部件。 Disadvantages 缺点 Control supply required.需要控制电源。 Electronic parts powerless against lightning harm.电子零件对雷电伤害无能为力。 Installing a Water Mete r安装水表 Water Meter Placement 水表放置 For the most part, water meters ought to be fitted:在大多数情况下，应该安装水表： After a water channel, to keep away from coarseness in the water which causes wear on the meter 在水道之后，为了避免水中的粗糙度对仪表造成磨损 Prior to any compound infusion, for example, fertigation.在任何复合物注入之前，例如灌溉施肥。 Prior to any outlets so that the whole water yield is measured.在任何出水口之前，以便测量整个水量。 Most meters should be fitted in a long straight length of pipe. Meters won’t record the water stream precisely if stream is influenced by turbulence or discharge brought about by twists or intersections.大多数仪表都应该安装在一段长而直的管道中。如果水流受到湍流或扭曲或交叉引起的流量的影响，流量计将无法准确记录水流。 The length of straight pipe before the meter ought to be 10 times the pipe measurement.仪表前直管的长度应为管道测量值的10倍。 The length of straight pipe after the meter ought to be five circumstances the pipe breadth (see chart underneath). Not all meters require this straight length of pipe to capacity, check the maker’s particulars of the meter. 仪表后直管的长度应为管道宽度的五倍（见下表）。并非所有的仪表都需要这种直管长度，请查看制造商的仪表详细信息。
Inside your crowd there will be an expansive scope of draining lengths; a few bovines with short draining terms to some with long. The most well-known is around 6 minutes. In the event that the turn time was set at around 10 minutes, then, contingent upon the season of year, around 7% of the slowest draining bovines would ‘go around’. 在你的人群中，会有大量的排水长度；一些牛具有短排干期，而一些牛具有长排干期。最著名的是大约6分钟。如果周转时间设定在10分钟左右，那么，根据一年中的季节，大约7%的排水最慢的牛会“周转”。 Speeding up the Rotation Time 加快旋转时间 Traditionally, agriculturists have gone for under 10% of cows ‘going around’. In the event that over 10% required a moment turn, the stage speed would be decreased to give the dairy animals longer to drain. 传统上，农学家会选择不到10%的奶牛“四处走动”。如果超过10%的奶牛需要瞬间转弯，则会降低阶段速度，使奶牛有更长的时间排水。 In fact, ‘go around’ dairy animals don’t adversely influence the quantity of bovines drained every hour and going for fewer than 10% will regularly confine the stage throughput. 事实上，“复飞”的乳制品动物不会对每小时排出的牛的数量产生不利影响，并且少于10%会定期限制阶段产量。 Try not to stress over releasing dairy animals ‘around’. Set the turn time in light of the capacity of the ‘mugs on’ administrator. It’s ideal to continue measuring at a sensible rate all through draining, as opposed to put undue exertion or strain on the body attempting to keep up a debilitating pace. 尽量不要因为“周围”放生乳制品动物而感到压力。根据“杯子打开”管理员的容量设置打开时间。理想的做法是在整个排水过程中继续以合理的速度进行测量，而不是为了保持虚弱的速度而对身体施加过度的劳累或压力。 Numerous revolving administrators utilize the quantity of ‘going around’ cows as the criteria for setting pivot time yet this can regularly confine proficiency. 许多循环管理员利用“四处走动”奶牛的数量作为设置枢轴时间的标准，但这可能会定期限制熟练程度。 How is Speeding up more efficient?如何提高加速效率？ The condition underneath shows which is more productive.下面的情况表明哪一个更有效率。 Normal bunch sit out of equipment time for 10 min revolution; (3.6 minutes + 0.7 minutes) = 4.3 minutes.正常的束坐在设备外旋转10分钟的时间；（3.6分钟+0.7分钟）=4.3分钟。 Normal bunch sit out of gear time for 8 min revolution; (1.8 minutes + 1.5 minutes) =3.3 minutes.正常堆坐脱挡时间转8分钟；（1.8分钟+1.5分钟）=3.3分钟。 Lessening bunch sit out of gear time or over-draining will enhance draining productivity. For the 10 minute turn in this case, there is less group sit without moving time utilizing a shorter revolution time with more ‘go-around’ bovines than a more drawn out pivot time permitting less ‘go around’ cows. 少坐不动或过度排水会提高排水效率。在这种情况下，对于10分钟的转弯，使用较短的旋转时间和更多的“复飞”牛的群体坐而不动的时间比使用更长的枢轴时间和更少的“复转”牛的时间少。 In a 50 safeguard turning utilizing this 10 minute pivot, each group would be sit without moving for 3.6 minutes because of cows that have completed the process of draining holding up to exit and 7% of safeguards would be utilized for ‘go around’ dairy animals – a likeness an additional 0.7 minutes of sit out of gear bunch time. 在利用这10分钟的支点进行的50次安全转身中，每组奶牛将在3.6分钟内不动地坐着，因为奶牛已经完成了排水过程，直到退出，7%的安全措施将用于“四处走动”的乳制品动物——这类似于额外0.7分钟的不带齿轮的坐着时间。 Shortening the turn to 8 minutes would diminish bunch sit out of gear time to 1.8 minutes in light of the fact that for most cows they are completing the process of draining nearer to the exit, yet now 19% of safeguards would be involved by a ‘go around’ dairy animals so this sit time would increment to 1.5 minutes. 将转弯时间缩短到8分钟将使奶牛群的休息时间减少到1.8分钟，因为对于大多数奶牛来说，它们正在接近出口的地方完成排水过程，但现在19%的保障措施将由“复飞”奶牛参与，因此休息时间将增加到1.5分钟。 Administrators ordinarily utilize a similar turn time paying little mind to revolving size. A greater rotating will mean less administrator time for each safeguard. As the speed builds, so does the rate of ‘go around’ dairy animals. 管理员通常会利用类似的周转时间，而不太注意循环大小。更大的轮换将意味着每个保障措施的管理员时间更少。随着速度的提高，奶制品的周转率也随之提高。 At the point when the revolving achieves the point where 20% of cows are ‘going around’ it is for the most part not more productive to accelerate the stage and abbreviate the turn time (yet it not less effective either). 当旋转达到20%的奶牛“四处走动”的程度时，在大多数情况下，加速阶段和缩短转弯时间并不会提高生产力（但效果也不会降低）。 COST METHODS 成本法 The cost method commands that the investor account for the investment at its historical cost (i.e., the price tag). This data shows up as a benefit on the accounting report of the investor. 成本法要求投资者按照其历史成本（即价格标签）对投资进行核算。这些数据在投资者的会计报告中显示为一项利益。 Once the financial specialist records the underlying exchange, there is no compelling reason to change it, unless there is proof that the honest estimation of the speculation has declined to underneath the recorded authentic cost. Provided that this is true, the financial specialist records the recorded cost of the venture to its new honest esteem. 一旦金融专家记录了基础交易所，就没有令人信服的理由改变它，除非有证据表明对投机的诚实估计已经下降到低于记录的真实成本。如果这是真的，财务专家会记录下企业的记录成本，以获得新的诚实尊重。 1. Average Salary 平均工资 Taken truly, the average salary of a specific position is the scientific “signify” of the pay rates surprisingly utilized in that position. This number is figured by including every one of the pay rates of individuals working in the position and after that isolating that total by the quantity of individuals working in the position. The number got is the “normal” salary. Most associations that track vocation pay rates, for example, Pay scale, ascertain this number through a testing of individuals. 实际上，一个特定职位的平均工资是该职位令人惊讶地使用的工资率的科学“象征”。这个数字是通过包括在该职位上工作的个人的每一个工资率来计算的，然后将该总数除以在该职位工作的个人数量。得到的数字是“正常”工资。大多数跟踪职业工资率的协会，例如工资表，都是通过对个人的测试来确定这个数字的。 2. Productivity Costs 生产成本 A financial estimation used to anticipate future examples of expansion in the United States economy. The profitability estimation tracks the productivity of merchandise and ventures creation, and the cost estimation shows the work cost joined to each yield unit in the economy. 用于预测美国经济未来扩张实例的财务估计。盈利能力估计跟踪商品和企业创建的生产力，成本估计显示经济中每个产量单位的工作成本。 3. Training Costs 培训费用 Educational planning for playing out a vocation that is ordinarily given to staff by the business that has as of late enlisted them before they get to be distinctly dynamic in support of the organization. Worker preparing is progressively required to help the work constrain in utilizing current systems, apparatuses, procedures and materials in their occupations. 教育规划是为了完成一项通常由企业给予员工的职业，而企业最近在员工成为支持组织的明显动态之前就已经招募了他们。工人的准备工作逐渐被要求帮助工作约束，在他们的职业中使用现有的系统、设备、程序和材料。 4. Recruitment Costs 招聘费用 The Society for Human Resource Management offers an exhaustive record specifying the Cost-per-Hire Standard, an American National Standard for human asset administration. 人力资源管理协会提供了一份详尽的记录，详细说明了美国人力资产管理国家标准“每次雇佣成本标准”。 This Standard is composed as an apparatus to permit an association to decide precise and similar expenses to staff position utilizing standard information and equations to compute the enlisting expenses to be joined into cost-per-contract. 本标准是一种允许协会利用标准信息和公式来计算加入每份合同成本的入伍费用，从而决定员工职位的精确和类似费用的装置。 IDENTIFICATION OF RESOURCE GAP 资源缺口识别 The drought can be viewed as “broken” just when there has been sufficient rain to take the dirt to inside around 15% of field limit. That by and large means more than 50mm. Until then arrangement to get past in the most ideal shape. 当有足够的雨水将泥土带到田地限制的15%左右时，干旱就可以被视为“破坏”。总的来说，这意味着超过50毫米。在此之前，安排以最理想的形状通过。 Have a plan in place 制定计划 Planning is critical to dealing with a dry summer. A good plan will decrease stress and guarantee that the dry summer won’t effect on the accompanying season’s creation. 计划对于应对干燥的夏季至关重要。一个好的计划可以减轻压力，并保证干燥的夏天不会影响伴随季节的创作。 A Summer Management Plan will amplify benefit and lessen worry in a dry summer.夏季管理计划将在干燥的夏季扩大收益，减少担忧。 It may not be anything but difficult to foresee when it will rain, however an arrangement gives the system to what choices should be made and when. The arrangement should be explored as conditions change. 可能很难预测什么时候会下雨，但一种安排给了系统应该做出什么选择以及什么时候下雨。这种安排应随着情况的变化而加以探讨。 Take Action Early 尽早采取行动 Dry-off Poor Performers 淘汰表现不佳的人 It is better to put scarce feed or costly supplements into bovines that are creating great. The others will eat significantly less when dry, and you may have the capacity to graze them off. 最好将稀缺的饲料或昂贵的补充剂放入正在创造伟大的牛中。其他人在干燥时会吃得更少，你可能有能力把它们吃掉。 Use Supplements Wisely 明智地使用补充物 Most importantly reserve 10-14 days of supplement for the period after rain (approx. 100kg/DM/bovine); progressively if extreme dry season, less if C4 grasses will develop after rain. There will be a great deal of field rot as of now and you require something to keep your dairy animals going and to keep the turn ease back to develop encourage supplies. 最重要的是，为雨后保留10-14天的补充剂（约100kg/DM/牛）；如果极端干旱季节，则逐渐减少，如果C4草在雨后发育。到目前为止，将会有大量的田地腐烂，你需要一些东西来维持你的乳制品动物的运转，并保持轻松的转向，以开发鼓励供应。 Nourishing supplements keeps creatures underway longer than would somehow or another is conceivable. However supplements can expand stock water rates. Consider giving water in the yards lessen the requests to diminish the request on troughs in the enclosure subsequent to draining. 营养补充剂使生物存活的时间比想象的要长。然而，补充剂可以提高库存水的使用率。考虑在排水后减少对庭院中水槽的要求。 Abstain from utilizing harvest time/winter supplements if at all conceivable. Utilize them just if all else fails in the wake of getting dry the whole group. 如果可以的话，不要使用收获时间/冬季补充剂。如果在整个团队都变干后，其他一切都失败了，就利用它们。 The productivity of sustain supplements relies on upon the persist reaction of having bovines in drain when it rains (the more drawn out the dry season, the lower the reaction) and the cost of supplement with respect to drain cost. 持续补充剂的生产力取决于下雨时让牛排泄的持续反应（旱季越长，反应越低）以及补充剂相对于排泄成本的成本。 When bolstering supplements guarantee that stock have enough water as the request may increment. Consider giving water in the yards to decrease the request on troughs in the enclosure in the wake of draining. 当补充营养时，保证库存有足够的水，因为需求可能会增加。考虑在庭院中供水，以减少排水后对围栏中水槽的要求。 Consider Milking Once-a-Day (OAD)考虑每天挤奶 Milking OAD or once at regular intervals are great alternatives to take the weight off dairy animals when bolster supply is constrained. OAD reduces the weight on bovines strolling to the shed, and can expand the time accessible for sustaining out. The effect on drain generation will be subject to the creation of the cows, their genetic merit and the feed available. 当补充供应受到限制时，挤奶OAD或定期挤奶一次是减轻乳制品动物体重的好选择。OAD可以减轻奶牛漫步到牛棚的重量，并可以延长维持的时间。对排水沟产生的影响将取决于奶牛的创造、它们的遗传优势和可用的饲料。 Review the Plan 审查计划 Monitor Farm and Rainfall 监测农场和降雨量 Review the arrangement consistently to 10 days (precipitation, nourish cover, supplement, generation).持续审查安排至10天（沉淀、营养覆盖、补充、生成）。 Check dairy animals condition routinely (every 3-4 weeks), especially the 2 and 3 year olds, and get them dry in light of their condition score and days from calving, sustain accessible, winter field development rates and expected calving date. 定期检查乳制品动物的状况（每3-4周一次），尤其是2岁和3岁的乳制品动物，并根据其状况评分和产仔后的天数，保持可接近的冬季田间发育率和预期产仔日期，使其干燥。 Set up Next Season 设置下一季 Dry-off a greater amount of the crowd if required 如果需要，让更多的人群擦干 Would it be gainful to continue draining an extent of your best makers and touch the rest off? Or, then again would it be ideal to get dry the entire group and oversee them all alone property? In what capacity will you keep up or enhance their condition so that next season’s creation is not influenced? 继续抽干你最好的制造商的一部分，然后把剩下的都碰掉，这会有收益吗？或者，再次重申，让整个团队干燥并单独监督他们的财产是否理想？为了不影响下一季的创作，你将以何种身份保持或提高他们的状态？ DECISION AND CONTINGENCY PLANNING 决策和应急计划 Planning for Success 成功的计划 Most activities which enhance the effectiveness of changing over farm contributions to milk are certain for the farm business financially and naturally. Go for a win outcome- embracing great practice enhances the productivity of your cultivating business and has enhanced natural outcomes. 大多数提高农场对牛奶的贡献的有效性的活动在财务上和自然上都是肯定的。追求双赢的结果-接受良好的实践可以提高你培养业务的生产力，并提高自然结果。 The accompanying planning objectives are fundamentally focused around the ecological parts of a dairy change. Here are four focuses to consider: 伴随而来的规划目标从根本上围绕着乳制品变化的生态部分。以下是需要考虑的四个重点： Allow Plenty of time for due diligence 留出充足的时间进行尽职调查 Permit time to talk with the greater part of the associations recorded in the Information Gathering stage, different agriculturists who have effectively finished a dairy transformation, and in addition proficient experts.留出时间与信息收集阶段记录的大部分协会、有效完成乳制品转型的不同农学家以及熟练的专家交谈。 Be set up to put resources into data gathering e.g. soil mapping by experts – data which will empower you to completely evaluate the land’s potential reasonableness for dairy cultivating and gushing water system.将资源投入到数据收集中，例如专家绘制的土壤图，这些数据将使您能够全面评估土地对奶牛养殖和喷涌水系统的潜在合理性。 The old adage, “neglect to plan- plan to come up short” may seem to be accurate. Expressly stating plans (or drawing/schematic) permits you a chance to think about your thoughts, perhaps distinguish any contentions or shortages, and make it a great deal less demanding to impart your thoughts to staff and others you are working with. “忽视计划，计划不足”这句古老的格言似乎是准确的。明确说明计划（或图纸/示意图）可以让你有机会思考自己的想法，也许可以区分任何争议或不足，并大大降低将想法传达给员工和同事的要求。 Having a detailed timeline is an imperative piece of accomplishing the objectives of the transformation. Inability to do this, could bring about overwhelms in capital and time, and missing due dates, i.e. the begin of the season. 制定详细的时间表是实现转型目标的必要条件。如果不能做到这一点，可能会导致资金和时间过剩，错过预产期，即季节开始。 Connecting with contractual workers and tradesmen with a composed contract with concurred results, costs and time spans, in view of your arrangement is beneficial. Unified Farmers can give a scope of format contracts. 鉴于您的安排，与合同工和商人签订一份具有一致结果、成本和时间跨度的综合合同是有益的。统一农民可以提供一定范围的格式合同。 Have a dedicated project manager 有一位专职的项目经理 A devoted project manager is fundamental for executing a change plan, whether this is the farm proprietor or director, or a procured proficient project supervisor. 一个敬业的项目经理是执行变更计划的基础，无论是农场老板或主管，还是采购的熟练项目主管。 Their part is basic to keep the project inside time and spending limitations, to ground-truth what is going on the ranch, and keep temporary workers on timetable amid the transformation. 他们的职责是将项目控制在时间和支出限制范围内，了解牧场的实际情况，并在转型过程中让临时工遵守时间表。 Correspondence is principal, the venture director needs to stay in touch with everybody who has been appointed obligations, and also keeping different partners, for example, staff, speculators or invested individuals educated. 通信是主要的，风险投资总监需要与每个被任命的人保持联系，并保持不同的合作伙伴，例如员工、投机者或被投资个人的教育。 Utilize the help, advice and tool of experts 利用专家的帮助、建议和工具 There is the wealth of learning and innovation officially accessible for agriculturists wishing to change over to dairy. Cases incorporate proficient homestead mapping and ranch architects.对于希望转向乳制品的农学家来说，这里有丰富的学习和创新资源。案例包括熟练的宅基地测绘和牧场建筑师。 Pro specialists, who have worked with other ranch changes, might have the capacity to do a considerable measure of your arranging and proposition for you. In any case, getting the correct proficient and administration is essential, “the quality is recalled, long after the cost is overlooked”. 专业专家，曾参与过其他牧场变更，可能有能力为你做大量的安排和提议。在任何情况下，获得正确的熟练程度和管理是至关重要的，“质量被召回，成本被忽视很久”。 The time that a qualified and legitimate proficient can spare you, and the esteem they can include, in contrast with the cost of their administrations can make them a decent speculation. 一个合格且合法的精通者可以节省你的时间，以及他们所能获得的尊重，与他们的管理成本形成鲜明对比，这可以使他们成为一个不错的猜测。 PRIORITIZATION AND RESOURCE LEVELING 优先次序和资源均衡 The Five Production Systems are an approach to group farm production frameworks by allocation of imported feed.五个生产系统是通过分配进口饲料对农场生产框架进行分组的一种方法。 As New Zealand peaceful farming is about profitably balancing feed supply and demand, five production frameworks have been depicted by DairyNZ basically on the basis of when imported feed is encouraged to dry or lactating cows during the season and furthermore by the measure of imported feed as well as off homestead grazing. The definitions do exclude touching or feed for youthful stock. 由于新西兰的和平农业是为了盈利地平衡饲料供需，DairyNZ描述了五个生产框架，基本上是基于何时鼓励进口饲料在季节内干燥或哺乳奶牛，此外还通过进口饲料和非牧场放牧的措施。这些定义确实排除了对年轻股票的触摸或喂食。 Framework 1 – All grass independent, all stock on the dairy platform 框架1——全草独立，乳制品平台上的所有库存 No feed is imported. No supplement fed to the crowd with the exception of supplement gathered off the compelling milking area and get cows are not nibbled dry the successful milking region. 未导入任何提要。除了从引人注目的挤奶区收集的补充剂外，没有向人群提供任何补充剂，并使奶牛不会在成功挤奶的区域被啃干。 Framework 2 – Feed imported, either supplement or grazing off, fed to dry dairy cows 框架2——进口饲料，补充或放牧，喂养干奶牛 Approx. 4 – 14% of aggregate feed is imported. Substantial variety in % as in high rainfall areas and cold atmospheres, for example, Southland, a large portion of the dairy cows are wintered off. 大约4-14%的骨料饲料是进口的。在高降雨量地区和寒冷的大气中，例如南部地区，大量奶牛都在过冬。 Framework 3 – Feed imported to extend lactation (regularly autumn feed) and for dry cows 框架3——进口延长泌乳期的饲料（定期秋季饲料）和干牛饲料 Approx. 10-20% of aggregate nourish is imported. Westland – feed to extend lactation might be foreign made in spring as opposed to autumn. 约10-20%的聚合营养素是进口的。Westland——延长泌乳期的饲料可能是外国在春季生产的，而不是秋季。 Framework 4 – Feed imported and utilized at both ends of lactation and for dry dairy cows 框架4——进口并用于哺乳期和干奶牛的饲料 Approx. 20 – 30% of aggregate feed is imported onto the farm.大约20-30%的骨料饲料进口到农场。 Framework 5 – Imported feed utilized all year, all through lactation and for dry dairy cows 框架5——全年、哺乳期和干奶牛使用的进口饲料 Approx. 25 – 40% (yet can be up to 55%) of aggregate feed is imported.大约25-40%（但可能高达55%）的骨料饲料是进口的。 *Note: Farms feeding 1-2kg of meal or grain per cow every day for the majority of the season will best fit in System 3. *注：在这个季节的大部分时间里，农场每天为每头牛喂食1-2公斤的膳食或谷物将最适合系统3。 IMPACT OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION ON STRATEGY 资源配置对战略的影响 Wise use of Natural Resources 合理利用自然资源 New Zealand dairy agriculturists have contributed greatly to the preservation and utilization of New Zealand’s common habitat. Numerous beautiful parks, saves and recreational trails all through the nation have been created with dairy agriculturists’ help and as a result of their energy for preservation. Numerous dairy ranches have widely planted less profitable parts of their homesteads in local vegetation or potentially improved planting to ensure delicate conduits and wetlands. Like most New Zealanders, dairy ranchers are turning out to be progressively mindful of the total impacts of changes in arrive utilize. The obligation of person farmers and land-proprietors is to work proficiently and mindfully, in this way having the ideal ecological impression. 新西兰奶农为保护和利用新西兰的共同栖息地做出了巨大贡献。在奶农的帮助下，由于他们的保护能量，全国各地都创建了许多美丽的公园、保护区和娱乐步道。许多奶牛场在当地植被中广泛种植了利润较低的部分牧场，或可能改进种植，以确保脆弱的管道和湿地。和大多数新西兰人一样，牧场主也逐渐意识到到货利用变化的总体影响。个人农民和土地所有者的义务是熟练和用心地工作，这样才能给人留下理想的生态印象。 Innovative Technologies 创新技术 NZ dairy farming is to a great extent in light of very effective broad peaceful brushing frameworks. This is an aggressive advantage, additionally a potential risk seeing that New Zealand is little on a worldwide scale. The considerably bigger dairy businesses of the northern half of the globe, which are normally based around housed frameworks, order far more prominent interest in regions, for example, hereditarily designed encourage products and dairy computerization to suit those frameworks. There is potential for troublesome advances in these advances to essentially change the playing field, and challenge New Zealand dairy cultivating’s aggressiveness. 新西兰奶牛养殖在很大程度上是基于非常有效的广泛和平刷牙框架。这是一个积极的优势，此外，由于新西兰在全球范围内的影响力很小，这也是一个潜在的风险。全球北半部规模相当大的乳制品企业通常以内部框架为基础，对区域的兴趣要突出得多，例如，遗传设计的鼓励产品和乳制品计算机化以适应这些框架。这些进步可能会带来麻烦，从根本上改变竞争环境，并挑战新西兰奶牛养殖的侵略性。 This goal is gone for creating or catching new information to push out the limits of what is in fact achievable on homesteads, and making these advancements available to dairy ranchers. 这一目标是为了创造或捕捉新的信息，以突破宅基地上实际可实现的限制，并将这些进步提供给牧场主。 CONCLUSION 结论 The result recommend that great feed management of field, when contrasted and poor, can increment operating profit by $176/ha at a milk price of $3.65. As a general rule, most administrators will fall between these two classifications – great and poor management- and field monitoring exercises will perpetually be affected via seasonal workload. Additionally, the quality of field mass evaluations will shift contingent upon how these are directed as well as the ability of the assessor. In any case, this review indicates that the expenses related with time and effort required for touching administration are little in examination with potential gains in operating profit. 本篇essay通过研究结果表明，在牛奶价格为3.65美元的情况下，对田地进行良好的饲料管理，无论是对比还是较差，都可以增加176美元/公顷的营业利润。一般来说，大多数管理人员将属于这两类——管理好和管理差——而实地监测工作将永远受到季节性工作量的影响。此外，现场大规模评估的质量将根据指导方式以及评估员的能力而变化。无论如何，这项审查表明，与接触管理所需的时间和精力相关的费用在审查中很少，营业利润有潜在收益。本站提供各国各专业essay范文以及essay写作辅导，如有需要可咨询本平台。 |
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