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2011年6月18日，工业和信息化部、国家统计局、国家发展和改革委员会、财政部联合下发通知，通知规范对中小企业划分的标准，以及对不同行业的方案标准进行一些细节的调整。例如，农业，林业，畜牧业和渔业。营业收入在2亿元以下的是小型和中型的微型企业。其中，营业收入超过500亿元的属于大中型企业，小企业的营业收入需超过50万美元，营业收入50万元以下的归属为微型企业。 On 18th June 2011, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, National Bureau of Statistics, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance jointly issued a "notice" that about the SMEs program standard requirements, some details for different industry program standards.For instance, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries. Operating income under 200 million yuan is small and medium-sized micro-enterprises. Among them, the operating income over 500 million is medium-sized enterprises, for small businesses operating income over $500,000 , operating income below $ 500,000 is micro-enterprises. “人们普遍认为，在经济政策上，大型企业享受一定的竞争优势，因为他们可以通过行政命令更多的拥有资源，他们可以垄断一定的市场，大幅提高市场占有率，他们可以更快地完善产业链，他们与供应商和顾客的议价能力较强，也可以被允许犯更多的错误。” “It is generally assumed in economic and strategic literature that large firms enjoy a competitive advantage over small ones because they command more resources, they can control a higher market share, they can ride the experience curve faster, they enjoy strong bargaining power with suppliers and costomers, and they can make more mistakes with out going belly up.” “Inventory is not about ‘buying things’; rather, its management goes right to the core of word-class practice in both manufacturing and services, and it is used as a key parameter in assessing capabilities.” (Steve Brown, Richard Lamming, John Bessant and Peter Jones, 2005 p189) Inventory Management includes of inventory information management, and on the basis of the decision analysis, and thus for effective control. Inventory management plays a key role in Operations management. Many books and journals have been emphasizing the function of inventory management. “The underlying purpose of inventory was identified as one of uncoupling various phases of the service delivery system or manufacturing process” (Operations Management, Terry Hill p446) besides that, Terry Hill (2005) has been written the reasons why inventory management is a key of operations management. According to Derek L Waller (2003), “Good inventory management in any part of the supply chain can improve the profitability of the firm and may even improve sales” Andrew also point out inventory management affects both customer service and costs purchase and holding costs of inventory items. Therefore, It is obviously that the importance of inventory management. With the globalization of economy, the relationship between different countries trend to integrated. Especially to China, from 1979, China established the special economic zones and began to develop economy, after that, the developing country more and more vibrant in development of world economy. Through the past decades development，China has become one of the most has potential economic power of development all over the world. In 2010, China’s GDP growth was 10.46% percent, totaling US$ 5,745.13 billion, and is expected to increase 11.79% in 2011 to US$ 6,422.28 Billion. Forecasts for 2015 predict China’s GDP to reach US$ 9,982.08 billion, growing 10 to 12 percent per year between 2010 and 2015. (economywatch.com 2010) Such a fast build-up benefit from the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. A lot of small business and private enterprises appear in market that increasing rapidly. This work concerning SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) ,Agmon Drobnick point that Small firms play a larger role in the economy than is often realized. It is hard to define the SMEs, for different countries, different stages of economic development in different sectors defined criteria are not the same, and also changed with the economic development. For example, the United Kingdom provisions of the rule in terms of quality: the company should account for smaller market share, in generally is owner personally Management and enterprises operate independently. As Tamir Agmon and Richard Drobnick(1994) states that small and medium size enterprises in the competition is not have much advantages. However，according to the characteristics of SMEs, it have both advantage and disvantages, Compared with large enterprises, one of the primary characteristics of the SMEs is that small-scale enterprises, and business decision-making power is highly concentrated, However, due to their own small-scale, the limitation of human, financial, and material resources, enable SMEs unable to operate a variety of products to diversify risk and can not compete with large companies in terms of large-scale production of a product. Russell and Taylor (2009) argued that company should keep enough inventory to meet customer demand while the traditional inventory management focus on “generous”, however, the current global environment require company address Scientific method of inventory management to meet economic development. In their study, many company’s inventory management approach were analyzed such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard and Mars. John A. Buzacott and Rachel Q. Zhang hold that traditional inventory control ignore financial states of an organization. Different types of enterprise have different inventory management methods，for example, Dell only keep the quantity of materials support five days production. Haier keep zero inventory. Thus, it can be seen inventory management as an important issue to be studied. The novelty of this study is inventory management application in China SMEs. Compare with western companies, in American, the inventory cycle time only eight days, while it is fifty one days in China, in terms of transportation cost, according CASME official website, logistics management costs 14% of the total cost, while only 3.8% for American. Actually, inventory management is reducing the cost. China is a developing country, according to China SMEs surviving adversity survey, the total number of small and medium enterprises accounted for 99% of enterprises in China, while they contributed more than 60% of national GDP, the share of state tax revenue has more than 50%. It is not surprising that David Pykea, David Robbb and John Farley (2000) raise question: do China understand modern principles of manufacturing strategy and supply chain management? In China, there are lots of enterprises have problems about inventory, take clothing industry as an example, when the new season arrival, the new product sale the original price, some times later, the sale price is one of fifth of original price and even lower, a large number of goods backlogged, unreasonable inventory management is cause of the problem. On the road of economic development, the majority of business use empiricism rather than theory management. The survey point that the biggest problem is low level of information technology, this is characterized due to lack of inventory management, Most Specifically, the material reserves too high, the stock structure is irrational. Therefore, strengthening inventory management is necessary for China Because of inventory management plays important role in economic activities, a large number of books and journals involved in inventory management. Such as: inventory control system, economic order quantity models. This research has considered the advantage of inventory control, and takes some enterprise as case study to analyse the detail of inventory management. Pillai and Rajeev Narayana (2010) explore the small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) have a lot of problems in globalizations, such as: principal, output and exports. However, under the current economic environment, the process of continuing integration of the countries in the world has brought new opportunities for small and medium enterprises. This research takes Indian an example, point out the problems in development, adding pointedly “Inventory management can therefore be one of the crucial determinants of competitiveness as well as operational performance of SMEs in inventory intensive manufacturing industries.” Pillai and Rajeev Narayana (2010) also state that thorough inventory management can help enterprises enhance their competitiveness and reduce their inventory cost. Yulong Li(2011)research the question does ERP(enterprise resource planning) adoption in Chinese small and medium enterprise. This research aims to examine a Chinese small enterprise's failed attempt to adopt enterprise resource planning (ERP) and to identify the critical success factors for these types of projects. Through research, the author find that the reasons why ERP adoption failed in some China enterprises. It provides valuable lessons to Chinese small enterprises on some of the common pitfalls they may encounter when pursuing ERP. There have many similar research, such as David Pykea , David Robbb and John Farleya(2000) find that chinese enterprises are not as advanced in supply chain management as many Western firms. http://www.ukassignment.org/cwgllw/ They do not know the supply chain play a key role in operation management, it can help enterprises obtain large profit. Through the above conclusion of the literature, it can be seen inventory management should be emphasized in the development of the road, in addition, if the enterprises want to award long-term business, a lots of problems in SMEs of China should be addressed. |
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