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With last year's U.S. subprime mortgage crisis caused by the global economic crisis continues to expand , the impact from the virtual economy has gradually spread to the real economy, especially prominent is the U.S. auto industry , the economic consequences of the crisis is to make this represents "the American spirit " of the old car Company General went to the brink of bankruptcy , at the same time , general 7-4 million employees in the United States hovering fate line between life and death . In fact, "From the end of last year to the first quarter of this year , GM received a $ 14.3 billion U.S. government bailout , but no reverse operating conditions , but worse ," " there is no government bailout , GM has already insolvent ." General Motors Corporation is the boss of the U.S. auto industry , but also the U.S. economy is a key part of the chain , with General Motors as "a lot of the auto industry supporting enterprises - parts manufacturers , distributors, etc. , are also facing the same dilemma . " U.S. government come to the rescue of General Motors Corporation to make people more aware of the serious consequences of the economic crisis , academics and the public are discussing whether the government come to the rescue , whether it will affect the freedom of American capitalism , these issues that we have further thinking and analysis. 随着今年前一年美国次贷危机所造成的全世界经济恐慌的不断扩展，影响从虚拟经济逐层漫延到实体经济，特别冒尖的是美国的交通工具产业，经济恐慌的后果是使这个代表着“美国神魂”的老牌交通工具企业通用走到达破产的边缘，与此同时，通用在美国的7-4万名职员的命数也来回走在生死前线间。 Labor meaning and significance of the research methods and 劳动价值论的内涵与本文的研究方法及意义 Our socialist country to analyze and solve economic problems important theoretical tool is the political and economic theories of Marx , Marx's political economy is based on the theory of labor value , it is to reveal the laws of the capitalist market economy an important economic theory . " Marx's labor theory of value , although under the conditions of capitalism from commodity production and exchange of the analysis concluded , but in his" Das Kapital "Volume I first elaborated Labor , the research is commodity production in general , rather than specific to capitalist commodity production , he believes that as long as the existence of commodity production , no matter what social system , the value is created by labor , and only abstract labor to create value . seen , Marx of Labor reveals that commodity production , commodity exchange and the development of the general rules of the market economy . " 我们民主社会主义国度剖析和解决经济问题的关紧理论的工具是Mark思的政治经济理论，Mark思的政治经济学理论的基础是劳动价值论，它是揭示资本主义市场经济运行规律的重要经济理论。 U.S. General Motors Corporation Case Study In the United States , because of its low prices , including General Motors , including the " big three" auto companies ( GM, Chrysler , Ford ) are relying on the production of large cars to conduct business , soaring oil prices until 2008 , "three" before Recognizing the importance of small cars . In addition to soaring oil prices in 2008 , the global economic crisis led to the economic downturn in the U.S. macroeconomic situation down, the American people began to have confidence in the U.S. economic situation is not . In the past, the U.S. economy is mainly based on credit basis , the American public is the primary way to buy goods in advance overdraft bank metonymy card and subprime mortgage crisis , the U.S. financial sector suffered a fatal blow , not just borrow on behalf of Bank of America to the general public , followed by a decline in the purchasing power of the people ! soaring oil prices and declining purchasing power in the dual pressures of ordinary people choose to buy the fuel consumption of a small car or not drive yourself to choose public transport . And when the crisis erupted, led by the United States in a common or major car companies to produce original products for the market-oriented , resulting in excess capacity , resulting in a large number of products can not be sold. " Needless to say, the United States ' three ' are present overcapacity ." U.S. auto industry research center , said CEO David Cole (DavidCold): " average, each with Toyota dealers sold 1,292 new vehicles a year compared to Chrysler dealers only buy out every 303 . Chrysler closed 789 dealers , a quarter of the total number of accounts , sales have accounted for only 14% ; common to shut down 1,100 dealers , the number accounted for 18 %, sales accounted for only 7% . " Data can be clearly seen through the U.S. GM products exceed market demand , and its excess products can not achieve its products through market exchange value , that is, no people buying their excessive costs led to the company 's products ( raw materials and labor costs, etc. ) into uncollectible , let alone the accumulation of profits , the U.S. General Motors Corporation in order to save costs and reduce losses to take the shrink even partially discontinued production methods . Corresponding result is what Marx hundred years ago when the company raised the blind pursuit of profit leads to overcapacity ( companies can not keep my private labor into social labor time ) , the factory will be shut down , a lot of the labor force will be unemployed . "The most directly affected by the shutdown affected are a supplier , then an upstream supplier unable to pay its suppliers ," " Moreover , at present, more than 90% of the U.S. auto parts suppliers also supply Detroit ' three ' and Japan's Toyota, Honda , etc. , GM and Chrysler shrink or stop production , will allow these companies funding dried up , unable to supply this bankruptcy will not affect other car manufacturers supply . " Clearly, the U.S. General Motors Corporation overcapacity consequences not only threatens their own survival , its destructive power has endangered the survival of the entire U.S. auto industry . It is envisioned that the United States will have more business failures of the vehicle , there will be more of the workforce unemployed . In this process , compared to the collapse of the company, hurt unemployed greatest extent . U.S. General Motors Corporation in the marketplace is an independent legal entity, resulting overcapacity shrink or stop production of the legal consequences should have its own independent legal commitments, not by its legal consequences investors (shareholders ) commitment. If the U.S. General Motors bankruptcy , its creditors only have to split the U.S. General Court advocate the rights of property of the company , but not to its shareholders the right to property claims division , which is designed to protect the interests of investors and investment enthusiasm. It is a manifestation of capitalist private ownership of exploitation . The company's investors are long-term accumulation of profits in the market by the company 's bankruptcy does not affect their survival , but the company's ordinary employees will lose their jobs in the company bankrupt become unemployed , not a source of income in their lives will precarious , even if the U.S. social welfare can play the role of protecting the unemployed , but unemployment increased, the economic situation continues to decline, coupled with the short-term unemployed find work if it will be on the U.S. budget deficit for many years create new government greater pressure . The actual situation is more brutal than expected , in addition to the U.S. General Motors Company will have 74,000 employees unemployed , " last year, car dealers have 1000 collapse , accounting for 5% of total With GM and Chrysler have announced a further reduction of distribution supplier number is expected to have 10 million people unemployed . " Due to the economic recession and lack of market demand , more than market demand for automotive products no one to buy, which led to the production in the automotive industry employees more than the market demand for the products of private labor will not be able to get social recognition , the company 's investment in this part will not be able to recover , employees' labor is also equal in vain. Moreover, the company selling the product after the exchange value of the goods is not enough to pay the company in advance the cost of inputs , including unable to pay the wages of all employees ( employees the value of labor , but also the cost of reproduction of labor must ) . At this time , GM use of reduced production methods to reduce input costs , leading to closure of some employees or unemployed . And when the economic situation deteriorate further , in order to achieve the company breakeven stop mass layoffs are inevitable . The last case is that if it is not balanced but no external capital investment , the U.S. General Motors into bankruptcy is the final return. Direction of reform embodied labor theory of value GM bankruptcy not only will the consequences of a large number of unemployed workers , but also lead to a domino -like collapse of the automobile industry phenomenon , the result would lead to a larger impact on the real economy chain . However, in these issues following the new U.S. government is most concerned about the core problem that will not affect the basis of the new U.S. administration took office . In order to prevent the occurrence of these many problems , the U.S. government last year by GM's capital injection, "Currently , GM is planning to debt . Largest creditor U.S. government may get 50 % of the common shares ; owns $ 20 billion retirement health Fund of the United Auto Workers union interests (UAW), will abandon the general obligation bonds in exchange for 39% of the common shares . " So , the government will become a common major shareholder , so that the replacement of lead General Motors shareholders from privately held company into the state. Conditions in all countries , taking into account the unemployment rate and the power base , the U.S. government will not be massive layoffs , employees' interests will be well protected, and will invest a lot of money to improve existing technologies to new market demand-oriented to adjust their product mix , but it will be a long process of adjustment . During this period, if the U.S. government would like to sell their shares back into the general private companies can not be achieved in the short term , because the market in the automotive industry, investors are not confident about short-term prospects , and that " the U.S. auto industry to go warm , depending on the macroeconomic recovery and credit markets recover . " Macroeconomic and credit markets in this economic crisis has been a fatal blow to the global economic structure and financial markets are likely to re-shuffle , but the process will be very long . Fortunately, in this process , the nationalization of GM employees in the surplus value created by labor will no longer fall into the pockets of the capitalists themselves . Imagine when the company because of a large number of new products to sell out of the woods when it is a private company on the occasion of labor becomes social labor . In fact, in order to meet more serious consequences of the economic crisis , the new U.S. government will probably set off a similar nature of China's socialist market economic reforms hurricane . |
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