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TABLE OF CONTENTS目录
专题页面
信4学生
论文要求和评估6
论文6的目标
主题6的选择
伦理审批流程7
学术不端8
监督安排9
初步论文建议10
学术支持单位/学术项目经理11
在准备充分调研的议案12分期
写作研究建议12
你的论文14的长度和演示
章结构和附录/15参考资料
18脚注
图和表，商业敏感18
提交您完成论文19
对于论文19的评估指南
STAF22成员的研究兴趣领域
重要阶段30的时间轴
最初的论文申请表31
同意论文申请表33
论文学生学习协议书34
伦理审批表36
参考45
Topic Page
Letter to Students 4
Dissertation requirement and assessment 6
Objective of Dissertation 6
Choice of Topic 6
Ethics Approval Process 7
Academic Misconduct 8
Supervision arrangements 9
Initial Dissertation Proposal 10
The Academic Support Unit/ Academic Programme Manager 11
Stages in Preparing Your Full Research Proposal 12
Writing the Research Proposal 12
Length and Presentation of Your Dissertation 14
Chapter Structure and Appendices/References 15
Footnotes 18
Diagrams & Tables, Commercial Sensitivity 18
Submitting your Completed Dissertation 19
Guidelines for Assessment of Dissertations 19
Areas of Research Interests of Members of Staf 22
Timeline of Important Stages 30
Initial Dissertation Proposal Form 31
Agreed Dissertation Proposal Form 33
Dissertation Student Learning Agreement Form 34
Ethics Approval Form 36
References 45
Dear Students,
现在是时候让你开始认真的论文，形成你的主人“计划的显著元素工作。你会根据你感兴趣的领域，你的方式方法或似乎是适当的理论基础，被分配到一个主管。如果可能的话，你感兴趣的领域将与你的上司来匹配。然而，这不能保证。也不可能要求一个特定的主管;所有的分配会公平对待学生和STAF成员的基础上进行。你会遇到一个正式的基础上，你的三次监事。当已经收到了完整的轮廓，你被分配一个主管1号会议将如期举行。在这次会议上，您将讨论您的项目和推进谈判的方式。研究建议已提交后仍未达到2将如期举行。这将通过监督员发表了意见，并会形成一个讨论的基础上，以确保您在正确的道路上。会议3将在本文补充会议可在导师的自由裁量权被授予完成相位。如果您还不确定自己的研究课题，看看在桑德斯等人的附录1中的实例研究项目名称，（2007）或读科利斯和赫西（2009年）。这是一个非常有趣和激动人心的时刻是在中国和在国际业务层面，鉴于中国目前的经济增长和发展的国家鼓励研究。It is now time for you to start seriously to work on the dissertation, which forms a significant element of your Masters’ programme. This guide will give you some hints as to what is required. It discusses such things as dissertation requirements, supervision, the writing of the initial and final research proposal, submission instructions, University assessment and areas of research interest of some members of staf. You will be allocated to a supervisor according to your area of interest, your methodological approach or your theoretical foundation as seems appropriate. Where possible, your area of interest will be matched up with that of your supervisor. However, this cannot be guaranteed. Nor is it possible to request a specific supervisor; all allocations will be made on a basis of fairness to both students and members of staf. You will meet your supervisor on THREE occasions on a formal basis. Meeting 1 will take place when the completed outlines have been received and you have been allocated a supervisor. At this meeting you will discuss your project and negotiate a way forward. Meeting 2 will take place after the Research Proposal has been submitted. This will be commented upon by supervisors and will form the basis of a discussion to ensure you are on the right path. Meeting 3 will take place during the completion phase of the dissertation Supplementary meetings may be granted at the discretion of the supervisor. If you aren’t yet sure about your research topic, take a look at the example research project titles in Appendix 1 of Saunders et al., (2007) or read Collis and Hussey (2009). It’s a very interesting and exciting time to be in China and to encourage research at an international business level, given China’s current state of economic growth and development. Some hot topic areas include the textile industry, the mining industry, WTO impacts on China, industry restructuring, and international trade relationships (especially USA, EU, Japan) for starters! See Saunders et al., (2007) pages 21.30 for generating and refining research ideas. On Pages 17-25 of this handbook you will find a list of areas of interest of various members of academic staf and you are welcome to choose from this list if you wish. The list is not exhaustive, and we are happy to discuss your ideas in any area. Saunders et al., (2007) and Collis and Hussey (2009) provide a solid grounding in the research process specifically with a business orientation. The following Appendices in the former are also useful:
Appendix 1 – Examples of research topics Appendix 2 -Useful summary for systems of referencing Appendices 3-4 -Sampling sizes Appendix 5 -A reminder about the use of non-discriminatory language These are followed by a glossary of key terms. Do make use of the textbook to help you with the key stages of your research project. It is strongly recommended that you obtain a notebook to commence a research diary. In particular, for the qualitative research methods component, record your comments about what you are reading – both content and process. These notes will be valuable when you are ready to do your own research. Get to work. I hope that we can make this a banner year for you. Wish you good luck! With best regards, Professor Carl Fey Professor of International Business Dean of Nottingham University Business School China
MA/MSc PROGRAMMES DISSERTATION GUIDELINES
DISSERTATION REQUIREMENT AND ASSESSMENT 学位论文要求及其评价
All MA/MSc. candidates must undertake a dissertation to complete their degree. This dissertation is normally written in the summer leading up to the end of the course. You must achieve a minimum mark of 50% in your dissertation and an average of at least 50% across all course modules to be awarded the degree of MA/MSc.
OBJECTIVE OF DISSERTATION 文章的目的
The purpose of the MA/MSc dissertation is to provide you with the opportunity to undertake independent research in a topic appropriate to the title of the degree for which you are registered. In undertaking the dissertation, you should look to draw on and extend material covered in the course. Normally dissertations may have a significant empirical component (whether quantitative or qualitative) aimed at providing further understanding of key theoretical concepts. The typical dissertation is likely to be structured around a review of the relevant literature, an outline of methodology and a presentation and analysis of empirical results. The one exception would be those students enrolled in the MSc Entrepreneurship programme who have the option of writing a dissertation in the form of a business plan rather than in the traditional research format required of all other MSc candidates.
CHOICE OF TOPIC 选择主题
You are encouraged to begin thinking about a suitable topic for your dissertation as soon as possible. You will find a list of areas of research interest of possible supervisors in this guide. In general, the dissertation would be expected to include both conceptual and practical analysis. While it is possible to prepare a dissertation based exclusively on conceptual analysis or one which relies purely on desk research, you should understand that dissertations of this nature depend upon thorough analysis and criticism and are by no means an easy option. To complete a dissertation successfully you must check that the topic is realistic in terms of the time available for completion, the scope of the problem and the availability of information and other resources. It is important at an early stage to define the specific issues to be addressed, the research methods that you expect to adopt and the specific resources required to complete the work. Please note that is not the policy of the Business School to fund these dissertation costs. 6
Where a particular topic requires primary research (interviews, questionnaires, group discussions) from external sources, you must be explicit about your purposes and any relevant affiliations. For example, if your dissertation is being sponsored by an external organisation, you must make this clear when collecting external information that is not in the public domain. The use of the University affiliation should not be used to facilitate the collection of commercially sensitive information. Any doubts about the ethical aspects of information gathering should be discussed with your supervisor. You may find it useful to refer to the 'Code of Research Conduct' published by the University of Nottingham Research Committee (available on the shared drive). #p#分页标题#e#
ETHICS APPROVAL PROCESS 伦理委员会批准过程
The University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC) system for ethics approval and notification applies to all research involving human participants, animals and datasets relating to people. This system applies to all staf, students and visiting researchers – including class projects that involve data collection as well as researchers who are collecting data for their own research purposes. You must not begin any data collection involving human participants, animals, and datasets until you have received ethics approval for your research. Failure to comply with these mandatory regulations is a disciplinary offence, and may result in your dissertation being suspended, and you may be asked to re-submit at a later date. How to apply for Ethics Declaration approval All research involving human participants, animals, and datasets requires an approved ethics declaration, which in most cases can probably be approved by your supervisor. Fill in the standard forms for student research and submit them to your supervisor. If there are no ethical issues with the application and no shaded boxes ticked in the application form, the supervisor can approve it as a minimal risk study and send it on to the Research Ethics Office for official approval and registration. If you have ticked any shaded boxes, you will need to discuss these with your supervisor, who will decide whether your application can be approved as minimal risk (Type 1 Minimal risk applications see below) or should be submitted to your School Ethics Representative (Type 2 Identified risk applications see below. Type 1 (Minimal risk applications) If there are no ethical issues with the application and no shaded boxes ticked in the application form, your supervisor may approve your application as a minimal risk study (light touch review) and will send it to the Research Ethics Office for official approval and registration. Type 2 (Identified risk applications) 7
If you have ticked any shaded boxes in the ethics application form and/or there are any ethical issues with your application, your supervisor should send the declaration to the School Ethics Panel, who will decide whether your application can be approved as it stands or requires further clarification or revisions, in which case your application will be returned to you with advice on what needs to be revised. In some cases, the School Ethics Panel may decide that the application needs to be considered by the full UNNC Research Ethics Sub-Committee, who will decide whether your application can be approved or requires further clarification or revisions, in which case your application will be returned to you with advice on what needs to be revised. If the application is approved after a full review, you will be notified by the Research Ethics Office that you may proceed with the research. Full details of the Ethics Approval process and all forms are available at
SUPERVISION ARRANGEMENTS 监管安排
When you have decided on the subject area of your dissertation you should submit an Initial Dissertation Proposal Form (see Page 31) to the Faculty Office, AB348. Please ensure that you sign this form before submitting it. You should submit this form to the Faculty Office no later than Friday 13th March 2015. Please note that the form MUST be submitted by this date if your dissertation is to be allocated to a supervisor by the dates given below. If you do not submit the form by this date there will inevitably be a delay in the allocation of your dissertation to a supervisor. 8
Your dissertation project will be assigned to a supervisor and you will be notified of the name of your supervisor by the Faculty Office no later than Monday 20th April 2015. It is then your responsibility to make the initial contact with your supervisor within one week of this date and develop a lengthier proposal to the satisfaction of the supervisor before proceeding with your work. The agreed proposal should then be attached to the Agreed Dissertation Proposal Form (see Page 33 of these notes) which should be signed by the student, countersigned by the supervisor and submitted to your supervisor no later than Friday 15th May 2015. Also, when first meeting your supervisor fill and sign the Dissertation Student Learning Agreement Form which can be found on Page 34 of this handbook. While the dissertation is an individual piece of work, the supervisor will undertake the following: . to ofer guidance in the specification of the dissertation topic and the formulation of the problem as well as providing some suggestions for preliminary reading; . to ofer assistance in outlining an appropriate structure for the dissertation and to review the outline structure of the dissertation; . to help in relation to any specific problems encountered in the course of the research and discuss ideas of possible approaches with you; and . to communicate with you on at least three occasions via face-to-face contact or other form of communication with regard to your progress. It is not the job of the supervisor to read each and every draft of your work, nor to correct English grammar or spelling. Normally, a supervisor will only read the complete dissertation report after the work has been submitted by you for marking. The supervisor will also mark your dissertation. Please understand that most supervisors have research, teaching, conference and management commitments over the summer period. It is not normally anticipated that there will be regular contact during this period, so it is important to organise your work to ensure that the dissertation structure and method have been agreed early on. In the event of an emergency, you should contact your supervisor through the Faculty Office. It is your responsibility to maintain contact with your supervisor, and to notify the Faculty Office should you experience any difficulty maintaining contact with them.
INITIAL DISSERTATION PROPOSAL 初始论文计划
You should provide an outline of your dissertation proposal for the first meeting with your assigned supervisor. Here are some of the issues that you might wish to consider: 9
Title. Why have you selected this topic? What particular knowledge or skills do you have to complete this project? Why is this topic interesting to you? What particular question(s) are you trying to answer by carrying out this work? What has already been written about the topic? What theoretical framework can you follow for this work? Where do you expect to find information about previous research into this topic? What sources of information might there be practical / empirical aspects of this topic? Information requirements. What is the nature of the information and data that you will need to complete this work? How do you expect to obtain such information and data? Research methodology and assumptions. What approach do you expect to take to provide you with evidence on which to support your eventual conclusions? What assumptions underlie your approach? Description of proposed chapters. Can you put together a description of the expected chapters of your dissertation and justify the logic of the proposed structure? An outline could be written up in the form of an introductory chapter to the dissertation. Whatever your approach, the outline of your full dissertation proposal is a critical stage at the end of which both you and your supervisor should be convinced as to the feasibility and suitability of the dissertation. However, many dissertations change shape as the research proceeds. Although the agreed outline of your full dissertation proposal forms the basis of an agreement between the supervisor and student as to the viability of the proposed dissertation, the details remain flexible providing you consult with your supervisor as to the nature of proposed changes. If you wish before writing up the proposal and possibly after you have thought through a few topics, it might not be a bad idea to talk to some supervisors from the school who work in these areas. It may be possible that they are working in a related area and they may suggest a topic that you can work on. While this might not always be the case, it might at least help you fine tune your selected topic for the proposal and potentially flag potential supervisors. THE ACADEMIC SUPPORT UNIT The Academic Support Unit (ASU) ofers English language and academic skills support to postgraduate students. It has a range of courses and workshops to help you develop the skills you need to participate efectively in your degree programme. It also ofers career-related skill development in association with the Career Development Office. Further information will be given during the ASU Information Session in February/March, 2015 (time and place to be announced through Email). You can drop in to SSB 118 without an appointment and see an advisor. Alternatively, you can make an appointment by email: [email protected] .
The ASU also runs workshops to develop specific academic skills. These workshops are arranged in series but students can choose the particular skill they wish to develop. For full details of courses please see the U:\CELE ASC\Information About Workshops.
ACADEMIC PROGRAMME MANAGER 学术项目经理
The overall PG dissertation process will be directed by Dr Eric Schefel but will be managed according to the degree programme. The Managers/Coordinators are: MSc in Finance and Investment – Dr Xiuping Hua MSc in International Management – Dr Jie (Fifi) Wang MSc in International Business – Dr Eric Schefel MSc in Entrepreneurship – Dr Fei Zhu If you have matters concerning your dissertation that cannot be settled with your supervisor, you should contact the relevant programme manager. 11 #p#分页标题#e#
STAGES IN PREPARING YOUR FULL RESEARCH PROPOSAL The essence of any paper can be stated in question form. Ask yourself these questions: . What? . What puzzles and intrigues me? . What do I want to know more about or better understand? . What are my key research questions? . Why? . Why will this be of sufficient interest? . Is it a guide to practitioners or policy makers? . Is it a contribution to knowledge? . How – conceptually? . What concepts, models and theories can I draw upon? . How can I develop my own research questions and create a conceptual framework to guide my investigation? . How – practically? . What research methods and techniques shall I use to apply my conceptual framework (to both gather and analyse data)? . How shall I gain access to information sources? WRITING THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL You are recommended to read Saunders et al (2007) and Collis and Hussey (2009). The following structure covers most of the issues: . Introduction . The objectives and purpose of the project (what?): . Provide a brief overall description of the context of the project . Why you want to study it (i.e. what puzzles and intrigues me? What do I want to know more about or better understand?) . What is the strategic question that guides the project . What are the objectives of the project . The justification for the project (why?) 12
. Why will this be of enough interest? Is it a guide to practitioners or policy makers? Is it a contribution to knowledge? . The research questions (what? – again, but in more detail): . Identify and discuss the research questions that you will answer in the project . If you are taking a positivist approach you might frame your research question as a hypothesis . An overview of the appropriate literature: . Mapping the main writers in the field and their arguments . The definition of key concepts and outline of conceptual framework, i.e. what models, concepts and theories can I draw upon? (If you are adopting a grounded approach this section is not applicable) . Research design: . What methodological approach are you going to adopt? . You need to specify both methods of data collection and of analysis. For example, will you follow a quantitative approach that requires a particular form of statistical analysis or computer modelling, based on already collected sets of data. How accessible is the data set you require? Or do you need to go out and observe, test and measure particular phenomena? . If you are veering toward qualitative methods, how would you go about selecting your sample? Do you need to set up a survey questionnaire, or a set of questions to guide a semi-structured interview or focus group? If you need to interview or survey a sample, how will you go about accessing these subjects? . If your work is a critical literature review, how are you going to approach this? . Research Strategy -does it fit with your research approach? Does it fit with your research objectives? . Practical and ethical issues: . Carefully review the Ethics Approval Process section in this handbook. . Review BSA (British Sociologists’ Association) Statement of ethical practice www.britsoc.co.uk. . ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council), Research Ethics Framework . University of Nottingham Research Code of Conduct. Ask yourself: . Does the research raise any ethical concerns that need to be resolved? . Are there any potential problems of research access? . Are there any resource issues (such as access to specialist databases or particular research software)?
. Are there issues of commercial confidentiality or intellectual property rights? . A plan or timetable: . Consider drafting a Gantt chart that plots a timeline when the major elements of the project will be done. . List of References LENGTH AND
PRESENTATION OF YOUR DISSERTATION 演示您的论文
Length The length of your dissertation should not be more than 20,000 words. Discuss this with your supervisor as some dissertations, particularly those with a high quantitative element, may be of a shorter length. It should be word-processed using double or one and a half spacing on A4 paper with margins of approximately 2.5 centimetres (1 inch). It should be typed using Arial or Times New Roman in 11 or 12 font. Pages should be numbered straight through, not on a chapter by chapter basis. Cover Information All copies of the Dissertations, whether hard or electronic copies should contain the following information: University of Nottingham Ningbo China Title of Dissertation Author’s Name Name of MA/MSc degree Title Page and Following Pages The first page of the dissertation should be a title page, formatted as shown below: Full Title of the Dissertation by Author's Name Year of Publication 14
A Dissertation presented in part consideration for the degree of "Title of MA/MSc Degree". The title page should be followed by a one page summary, the table of contents and the acknowledgements (if any).
CHAPTER STRUCTURE AND APPENDICES 节结构和附录
A clear chapter structure is important to reinforce the line of argument; appendices can be used for the presentation of certain types of factual material, mathematical/statistical proofs, survey results etc., since where to include these in the text would distract from the general argument. It is customary also to include in the Appendix copies of questionnaires, interview schedules or other forms of structured data collection methods. REFERENCES All work done by other people -either published or unpublished -must be acknowledged and clearly referenced, as should the source of any published data, diagrams or photographs. Failure to do so may constitute the academic ofence of plagiarism. References to the work of others should be made in the text, citing author and date, for example: 'Tellis (1986) argues that ...'. A comprehensive bibliography, with references sorted alphabetically should be included at the end of the dissertation. It is important that these references should be accurate and include all the information required to enable a reader to find the references cited. There is currently no global consensus on a preferred reference citation method. Three of the most prevalent style guidelines include APA, MLA, and Harvard method. In APA style, a widely accepted format for writing research papers, the references are listed at the end of the article in alphabetical order by author (and by year for identical authors). APA Style guideline examples (based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition, 2001) are provided below. For further reading and reference, see also the APA's official site at www.apastyle.org. Where possible the use of footnotes should be avoided when referencing. BOOK Geissler, E. M. (1998). Pocket guide to cultural assessment (2nd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. You can also go to WorldCat.org, search the world's largest database of library books, and click on "Cite this item" for almost any book. Its APA citations are not 100% correct, though; beware of capitalization, state of publication, and punctuation errors (see NOTES). BOOK CHAPTER, ESSAY, or ARTICLE when author is credited de Paula, T. C. M., Lagana, K., & Gonzalez-Ramirez, L. (1996). Mexican Americans. In J. G. Lipson, S. L Dibble, & P. A. Minarik (Eds.), Culture and nursing care: A pocket guide (pp. 203-221). San Francisco: USCF Nursing Press. 15
BOOK CHAPTER, ESSAY, or ARTICLE when no author is credited (paper version) Russians. (1998). In T. L. Gall (Ed.), Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life (Vol. 4, pp. 332339). Detroit, MI: Gale Research. BOOK CHAPTER, ESSAY, or ARTICLE when no author is credited (online version) Russians. (1998). Worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily life. Retrieved January 9, 2003 from Discovering Collection database. ARTICLE in a STANDARD ENCYCLOPEDIA (paper copy) Islam. (1992). In The new encyclopaedia Britannica (Vol. 22, pp. 1-43). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica. ARTICLE in a STANDARD ENCYCLOPEDIA (web site version) Islam. (1992). In Britannica.com. Retrieved February 9, 2002 from Britannica.com database. JOURNAL ARTICLE (paper copy) Oguisso, T. (1999). Professional nursing in Brazil. International Nursing Review, 43, 81-94. JOURNAL ARTICLE (from an online database) (for more details, see the APA's official site) Kavanagh, K., Absalom, K., Beil, W., & Schliessmann, L. (1999). Connecting and becoming culturally competent: A Lakota example. Advances in Nursing Science, 21, 9-31. Retrieved March 26, 2001 from ProQuest/Nursing Journals database. JOURNAL ARTICLE (online, on a web site) (for more details, see the APA's official site) Outbreak news. (2001, February 23). Weekly Epidemiological Record, 76, 57-64. Retrieved February 28, (1997, September 22). Linking an Amish hereditary disease with cerebral palsy, a pediatrician challenges a dark inheritance. Time, 150, 30-33. MAGAZINE ARTICLE (from an online database) Ulrich, T. (1997, September 22). Linking an Amish hereditary disease with cerebral palsy, a pediatrician challenges a dark inheritance. Time, 150, 30-33. Retrieved March 1, 2001 from InfoTrac/Expanded Academic ASAP database. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE (paper copy) Padilla, H. (2000, June 6). Hugo prohibits custom animal slaughter; the vote will officially close a Hmong slaughterhouse, where animals were sacrificed for religious reasons. Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN), p. 1B.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE 报纸文章
(from an online database) Padilla, H. (2000, June 6). Hugo prohibits custom animal slaughter; the vote will officially close a Hmong slaughterhouse, where animals were sacrificed for religious reasons. Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN), p. 1B. Retrieved February 28, 2001 from Lexis-Nexis Universe/General News database. PAMPHLET / BROCHURE (Cite like a book but add [Brochure] as shown) Research and Training Center on Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities (4th ed.) [Brochure]. Lawrence, KS: Author. 16 #p#分页标题#e#
ERIC DOCUMENT Fredrickson, M. (2000). Parent/child communication in migrant communities. Miami, FL: Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 377 236) DISSERTATION If you obtain an actual dissertation (not just its abstract), in print or on microform, check the Publication Manual of the APA for complete directions on citing it properly. DISSERTATION (abstract only, obtained on CINAHL) Crow, G. K. (1988). Toward a theory of therapeutic syncretism: The Southeast Asian experience: A study of the Cambodians' use of traditional and cosmopolitan health systems. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, 1988). Abstract retrieved March 19, 2001 from CINAHL database. DISSERTATION (abstract only, obtained from DAI on FirstSearch) Crow, G. K. (1988). Toward a theory of therapeutic syncretism: The Southeast Asian experience: A study of the Cambodians' use of traditional and cosmopolitan health systems (Doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, 1988). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49(08B), 3101. Abstract retrieved March 19, 2001 from First Search/Dissertation Abstracts International database. WEBSITE (NOT from an online database) (for more details, see the APA's official site) The Amish, the Mennonites, and the Plain People. (n.d.). Retrieved May 30, 2000 from Pennsylvania Dutch Country Welcome Center Web site:PHONE CONVERSATIONS, etc. "Because they do not provide recoverable data, personal communications are not included in the reference list. Cite personal communications in text only. Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible." (APA Manual, section 3.102) Example: I. M. Certain (personal communication, April 1, 2000).
PRESENTATIONS, SPEECHES, POSTER SESSIONS, 演示，演讲，海报会议
etc. Like the example above, if they do not provide "recoverable data," these would not be included in the reference list and would be cited in the text only. If, however, something tangible exists (e.g. handouts of PowerPoint slides, an abstract in a conference program, etc.), it might be citable. See the APA Manual, section 4.16 D and F. Here is an example of a poster session: Worral, P. S. & Levin, R. (2004, June). Developing a statewide research agenda. Poster session presented at the biannual meeting of the American Nurses Association, Minneapolis, MN. Since they ask, I have suggested to students who wish to cite a presentation unofficially, for an undergraduate paper, that they could cite it like this: Twohy, K. (2004, January 15). Testimony given at Health, Human Services and Corrections Budget Division, St. Cloud, Minnesota.
FOOTNOTES 脚注
While the use of footnotes is not generally encouraged, they may be used to highlight important points that would otherwise break the flow of the text. They should be identified numerically and presented at the foot of the page to which they refer. Endnotes should not be used. 17
DIAGRAMS AND TABLES 图表
Diagrams and tables should normally be included in the text as close as possible to the point at which they are discussed. All diagrams (figures) and tables should be consecutively numbered. In the case of dissertations that contain an unusually large number of diagrams, it may be preferable to group these diagrams at the end of the relevant chapters or in an appendix. Dissertations containing information that is commercially sensitive There is provision for dissertations considered commercially sensitive to be classified as confidential. If you are using sensitive information, obtained from a company that you have been in contact with, they may ask you not to divulge the company name and confidential information, nor to place your finished dissertation in the public domain without their authorisation. A letter declaring that any sensitive information will remain absolutely confidential can be prepared by the student, confirmed by the supervisor, and given to the company in question.
SUBMITTING YOUR COMPLETED DISSERTATION 提交完成学位论文
Three copies of the dissertation (two hard copies and one in electronic format) should be handed in to the Faculty Office (AB348) by 4 p.m. on Friday, 28th August 2015. One copy may be hard bound if you wish; this will be for your supervisor. The second copy should be in a format able to be photocopied for sending to Nottingham UK. The electronic copy will be for the Business School's eDissertations Archive. For information on how to submit the electronic copy, see the Information Services guide: Please use Moodle, and the software program Turnitin. Students will be regarded as having fulfilled the submission requirements only when both hard copy and electronic copies have been received. Non-submission by the due date will result in a mark of zero being recorded. Time extensions of this date are not normally given unless medical evidence is supplied and all applications for an extension must go through the Faculty Office. If a time extension is allowed it may, nevertheless, delay the marking of your work and delay your graduation.
GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSMENT OF MA/MSc DISSERTATIONS 准则评估MA /硕士博士学位论文
Assessment Criteria The assessment of the dissertation will be based on the academic quality of the work. Particular attention will be paid to the ability to integrate conceptual and empirical material, the depth of understanding of the literature, the appropriateness of the methodology and the suitability of methods of analysis. In addition, the following factors will be taken into consideration: . the amount of efort, initiative and enthusiasm shown; . the difficulties experienced and extent to which they were overcome; . the extent of self organisation and ability demonstrated by the student; . the efectiveness, quality of work produced and the extent to which the objectives of the project were met; . the organisation and structure of the project; . the quality of referencing, appendices, figures and programs where relevant; . the quality of the project as a source of clear, concise, interesting information. The supervisor gives marks out of 100 based on the quality of the dissertation. Level of pass guidelines The Postgraduate taught programme marking scheme used within the Business School may be significantly diferent from that which you have experienced elsewhere. As a consequence, you should not be alarmed if you are awarded marks in the 50s or 60s, as these are perfectly respectable grades. The complete range of marking standards and associated classifications is as follows: Classification Mark/Comments Distinction 80+ Outstanding piece of work All major and minor objectives achieved Excellent comprehension and informed criticism and analysis Evidence of outstanding work beyond question and some originality Free from errors and showing advanced analytical skills Distinction 70-79 Excellent piece of work All major and some minor objectives achieved Very good comprehension and analysis of the issues involved Excellent familiarity with the source material No major errors and only occasional minor errors 19
Good Pass 60-69 Careful and clear piece of work Most major objectives achieved Good understanding of the topic Good grasp and analysis of major issues No major errors though some minor errors Pass 50-59 Middle of the range piece of work Basic question answered with relevant analysis Discusses and understands most relevant issues Material a bit thin and/or poorly focused Possible major and some minor errors Fail 30-49 A failed piece of work Poor understanding of the chosen subject area. Not a full analysis of the problem/topic Shows some understanding of the general field Inadequate reading/research/preparation Major errors Fail 0-29 A badly failed piece of work Very poor arguments and analysis Completely inadequate reading/research/preparation Generally unsound 20
Areas of Research Interests of Members of Staff
STAFF MEMBERS PRINCIPAL RESEARCH INTERESTS METHODS ACCOUNTING & FINANCE 工作人员的主要研究兴趣的方法会计及财务
Dr Wai Kin Leung .Investment .Derivative .Real Estate .Chinese Finance Quantitative & Qualitative Mr Andrew Edwards .Accounting Education .International Financial Reporting .Language and Accounting Quantitative & Qualitative Dr Xiaogang Bi .Mergers and Acquisitions .Institutional Investors .Behavioural Finance .Empirical Corporate Finance Quantitative Ms Cass Lai .Capital Structure .Financing Strategies and Decision .Corporate Social Performance Quantitative Ms Judy Tang .Mergers and Acquisitions .accounting standards Quantitative & Qualitative Ms Keying Zhu Dr Kevin Dow Dr Cherry Yi Zhang . Financial accounting standards . Auditing and corporate governance . Value of Accounting Information Technology . Forensic Examination . Management Accoungting Systems . Accounting Information Systems Design . Empirical asset pricing . Market anomalies and trading strategies . Investment . Behavioural finance Quantitative & Qualitative Quantitative & Qualitative Quantitative Dr Yun Shen .Earnings management .Financial reporting quality .Accounting-based firm valuation model Quantitative Ms Xiaolan Zhang .Corporate governance .Capital Structure .International Finance Quantitative 21
Mr Kevin Smith .Accounting .Auditing .Management Information Systems Dr Alvin Cheng .Accounting Policy and Earnings Management .Capital gains taxation .Corporate failure and financial distress .International Accounting .Internet financial reporting .International Taxation Dr Xiaoquan Liu .Empirical Finance .Asset pricing methods (such as Wavelets) Ms Belaynesh Teklay .Corporate performance measures (both financial and non-financial) .Taxation .Auditing Quantitative & Qualitative Mr Juergen Seufert Mr Michele Geraci Dr Xiuping Hua . Critical theory in accounting: Especially the work of Juergen Habermas and Ulrich Beck . Environmental efficiency analysis of Airlines using Data Envelope Analysis . Environmental management accounting with focuses particular on the Marginal Abatement Cost Curve as investment tool for companies to save CO2 and costs . Environmental policy analysis in Europe, Asia and America . Optimum Monetary Policy in China and SE Asia . Chinese Economic Development Model . Rebalancing of Chinese Economy: savings, consumption and invesment . Rural Reforms, Rural Finance & microcredit . Development of China security market: shares and bonds . Eurozone Debt CrisisChinese investment in Europe, Mergers and Acquisitions Dr Robert Nieschwietz .Behavioural Accounting .Fraud and auditor independence .The role and use of technology in auditing Quantitiatve & Qualitative . Option returns and Volatility . Chinese Financial Markets and Economic Policy . International Finance Quantitative & Qualitative Quantitative & Qualitativ Quantitative 22 #p#分页标题#e#
Dr Weimin Liu .Asset Pricing .Corporate Finance .Efficient Market Hypothesis tests .Mutual Fund Performance Quantitative Dr Wei Huang .International Finance .Emerging markets financial liberalisation .Financial Risk Management .Corportate Finance in China Quantitative ECONOMICS Dr Qing-Ping Ma .Pension economics/finance .Investment strategy/optimal portfolio management .Consumption and saving behavior .Risk control and management, .R&D strategy/organization in industries. Theoretical & Quantitative Dr David Andersson .Hedonic price analysis .Regional development .Institutional competition .Location choices of artists and other creative workers .Location and interaction of scientists Quantitative Mr David Chiang .Globalisation; in the developing and newly-developed economies .Macroeconomic policy; .Microeconomic reform; and .Corporate governance and market failure. Quantitative & Qualitative Dr Sailesh Gunessee . Foreign Direct Investment (e.g. Location Choice of FDI using city- and firm-level data; Chinese Outward FDI; Efects of MNEs) . Behavioural Economics (e.g. applied managerial decision making; Chinese Economic Psychology) . Experimental Economics (e.g. experiments on individual decision making and games) . Taxation (e.g. Individual Tax Evasion; Corporate Taxation) Dr Eric Scheffel . (Monetary) Macroeconomic Theory . Time Series Analysis (Empirical Macro) . Agent-based modelling on GPU hardware . Economics of the Internet (OSS) Dr Lingji Kong .Sampling techniques .Distribution theory and application Quantitative Dr Nana Kwabena . Fiscal stability (business cycles and foreign aid incentive issues) . Price distortions (associated with exchange rate and trade policy) and Export performance . Applied time series econometrics Quantitative & Qualitative Quantitative Quantitative 23
Dr Paolo Bianchi .Political economics .Local government fiscal policy .Culture and institutions .Globalization, democracy and economic growth .State owned enterprises .Bayesian econometrics .Empirical business cycle. Quantitative Mr Zhiyong Li .Empirical Finance Quantitative Dr Jose R. Sanchez-Fung .Macro & Monetary Economics .Development Economics & Policy .Latin American & Emerging Market Economies Quantitative Dr Ada Hoi Yan Ma .Health Economics .Empirical Microeconomics Quantitative Ms Lu Dong .Experimental Economics .Game Theory Quantitative Dr Qingfeng Wang .Pricing of American option .Pricing of Asian option .Pricing option with stable process Qualitative Dr Tiantian Zhang .Frontier efficiency analysis (DEA, SFA) .Total factor productivity analysis .Banking competition and risk management. Quantitative
MARKETING, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 市场营销，创业和管理系统
Dr Alain Yee Loong Chong .E-Commerce / Mobile commerce .IT and Logistics/Supply chain management .Social computing .Green information systems, Green supply chain management .RFID and Energy & Environmental Informatics Research Quantitative & Qualitative Dr David Edwards .Information systems adoption, design & management .Social computing/social informatics .Digital news media Qualitative Dr Fei Zhu .Entrepreneurial Persistence .Entrepreneurial decision Making .Role of afect in the entrepreneurship context Qualitative and Quantitative Mr Dirk C. Moosmayer .B2B marketing .Pricing .Consumer response to social responsibilities .Values in marketing and management Quantitative Methods & Conceptual Work Dr Jie Yu .E-commerce and online shopping .Knowledge management .Virtual community .Healthcare management systems Qualitative and Quantitative Dr Lars Bergkvist Quantitative & . Advertising and Marketing Communications 24
.Consumer Behaviour .Brand Management .Research Methodology Qualitative Dr Martin Liu .Consumer Behaviour .Marketing Communication .Brand Strategy Quantitative Dr Muhammad Dan-Asabe Abdulrhaman Dr Thomas Wing Yan Man Nachiappan Subramanian| Dr Tori Huang . Manufacturing flexibility . Strategic management of the automobile industry . Factors for implementing sustainable logistics . Reverse logistics implementation and its barriers . Reverse logistics and new product development E-Factory and E-Economy Quantitative Quantitative & Qualitative Quantitative and Qualitative Conceptual, Quantitative & Qualitative Ms Premylla Jeremiah .Knowledge Management .Information Systems Analysis and Design .Computer Ethics, Privacy and Security .Mobile Computing and Technology Quantitative & Qualitative . Diferent Forms of Entrepreneurship . Small Business Management . Entrepreneurship Education and Learning . Business and Management Education . Training and Development . Strategic Management . Supply chain strategies on low-cost country sourcing . Factors causing complexity in supply chain. . Factors for implementing sustainable logistics . Framework and methodologies to improve supply chain resilience . Logistics performance measurement . Combined model for location, allocation and routing in reverse logistics network . Critical factors for Third party logistics service providers’ success . The psychology of entrepreneurship: emotion and decision making; thinking and action in adversity (e.g. persistence and learning from failure); creativity and improvisation. . New forms and platforms of entrepreneurship (e.g. e-entrepreneurship) . Entrepreneurial strategies and corporate entrepreneurship . China-related constructs (e.g. Guangxi, Mianzi, Yuan) Mr Trevor Bayley .Examining the efectiveness of focus groups in improving alignment in Chinese SME information systems .Understanding the factors influencing the Qualitative 25
externalization of knowledge in focus group interactions in China .Improving student interaction in small group, task based seminars at UNNC .Examining the role of alcohol in business negotiations in Ningbo. .Factors influencing the promotion of non-core sports in China. Dr Yi Wang .Consumer behaviour in tourism industry Marketing and protection for cultural heritages Tourism planning, marketing and policy-making for destinations Qualitative Hing Kai Chan .Production and operations management .Logistics and supply chain management .Scheduling .Technology adoption .Industrial informatics .Soft Computing Jing Dai . Green supply chain/logistics management . Sustainable operations . Corporate social responsibility . Supply chain partner evaluation/selection . Supply chain collaboration . Supply Chain risk management . Maritime studies Maria Luo .Service marketing .Customer relationship management .Service recovery .E-WoM and customers’ aggressive behaviors in the service sector
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 国际企业管理
Dr Achim Krausert . Industrial relations, trade unions, professional associations, tripartism, collective bargaining . The relationship between culture / institutions and HRM in China . Human resource management for managers . Human resource management for professionals . Performance management / performance appraisal . Employee monitoring . Strategic human resource management . Work-life balance / working hours / flexible working in China . Other subjects in HRM, including personnel selection, rewards, equal opportunities, etc. Conceptual, Qualitative & Quantitative 26
. International business, particularly globalization strategies, and the significance of cultural diferences between East and West. . Systemic approaches to analysis, evaluation and synthesis of complexity. . Strategic Partnerships, Mergers and Collaborations between Asian and European companies . Virtual organizational relationship . Developing best practice in collaborative arrangements . Partnerships transforming over time . Outsourcing . Boundaries of the Firm . Shared Service Centers . Organization of Support Functions (F&A, IT, HR) . Transaction Cost Theory . Public Sector Organizations . Leadership, Abusive supervision . Proactive behavior, stress, workplace bullying . HR (turnover, expatriates) . Multilevel analysis, meta-analysis . Corporate Social Responsibility in China . Mergers & Acquisitions between Asian and foreign companies . Sustainability practices in Asian organizations. Dr Michal Lemanski .Subsidiary mandates .Intra-coporate entrepreneurship .Difusion of organizational practices in multinational corporations .Corporate social responsibility and international business Qualitative . Labour Law and Employment Law . Language and Law . Law and Copyright in China . R&D and Innovation in Chinese Firms . Energy innovation in China . Corporate Governance and Firm Strategy/Performance . CSR reporting in China . Corporate Social Responsibility in China . Sustainability strategies in Chinese firms . Clean Technology and Renewable Energy . The relationship between multinationality and firm performance . Internationalization processes and regional/global strategies . Case studies and theory building focusing on Chinese Dr Brian J. Hilton Dr Brian Ross Dr Gary Schwarz Dr Joon Hyung Park Ms Josephine Van-Ess Mr Michael Mooney Dr Peter S. Hofman Dr Lei Li Qualitative Quantitative & Qualitative Theoretical, Qualitative & Quantitative Quantitative Qualitative & Quantitative Quantitative & Qualitative Quantitative & Qualitative 27
multinational enterprises .Internationalization and performance implications of MNEs in specific industrial sectors .Case studies on and empirical investigation of international entrepreneurship Dr Peter Lamb .Management Learning and Education .Travel and translation of ideas and models Qualitative Rajan Gaikwad .Employee retention & Engagement .HR practices (JV & M& A) .Training in private-sectors Quantitative & Qualitative Dr Peter Morgan .Individual behaviour .Learning and education .Personality .Organisational structure and culture Dr Ulf Henning Richter Dr ‘Alim Beveridge Dr Jie Wang . Corporate strategy and innovation . Corporate social responsibility & sustainability . Corporate governance and restructuring . Sustainable investment in emerging economies . Private Equity in China . Foreign direct investment by Chinese companies into Africa and Europe . Corporate social responsibility & sustainability: particularly, the adoption, difusion and translation of CSR/sustainability concepts and practices . Meaningfulness of work . Altruism, benevolence, prosocial motivation . Resilience & burnout . Social entrepreneurship & social innovations . Business ethics, especially ethical decision making . Organizational identity . Multi-level research . The impact of personality on employee outcomes . Voice behaviour . Chinese indigenous management concepts . Psychological climate . Creativity and innovative behaviour Quantitative & Qualitative Conceptual, Qualitative & Quantitative Quantitative Bill Shih-Wei Hsu .Post-structuralism .Knowledge Management .Business Ethics, Leadership and Risk Theory Qualitative 28 #p#分页标题#e#
TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT STAGES 时间表重要阶段
Task Date Identify and refine topic/research area Students Contact Potential Supervisors Initial Dissertation Proposal Supervisor Assigned First Meeting with supervisor Full Dissertation Proposal Second meeting with Supervisor Third meeting with supervisor Submission of completed work September 2014 16 February – 30 March 2015 13 March 2015 17 April 2015 by 24 April 2015 15 May 2015 by arrangement (2015) by arrangement (2015) 28 August 2015 29
MA/MSC PROGRAMMES 2014/2015 INITIAL DISSERTATION PROPOSAL FORM Name: ..…………………………..................................................................................................... Contact Details (Email and Telephone number):.……………………………………………………………….… MA/MSc Degree Registered For: ........................................................................................... Main discipline of Dissertation *(please tick one only as the most appropriate): Accounting Corporate Social Responsibility Economics Entrepreneurship/Innovation Finance Human Resource Management Information Systems Marketing Operations Management Organizational Behavior Strategy Tourism Other (please specify) * Please note that if you are undertaking the MSc International Business programme, your chosen Dissertation topic must have an international business focus. Proposed Title of Dissertation (indicate below): 30
Brief outline of research problem and proposed methodology (indicate below): Significant resources required (please note it is your responsibility to investigate this and to ensure that the necessary resources are available to you to complete the project): Have you discussed your research topic with an academic staff from the school? Yes/No If so, please indicate to whom? Your Signature: ………...………………………...... Date: …………………...…... This form must be returned to the Faculty Office (AB348) no later than Friday 13th March 2015, 12:00. 31
MA/MSC PROGRAMMES 2014/2015 AGREED DISSERTATION PROPOSAL FORM Name: .………………………………................................................................................................. Assigned Supervisor of Dissertation: ..................................................................................... Proposed Title of Dissertation: ............................................................................................. PLEASE ATTACH YOUR AGREED OUTLINE OF YOUR FULL DISSERTATION PROPOSAL Supervisor: …………………………………………………….(Signature)..........................................(Date) Course member Signature: ……………….………………. Date: …………………………….. This form must be returned to your supervisor no later than Friday 15th May 2015. 32
DISSERTATION STUDENT LEARNING AGREEMENT 1. STUDENT DETAILS Surname: Forename: ID Number: Programme of Study: 2. DISSERTATION DETAILS Working Title: Working Brief: 3. STUDENT CONTACT DETAILS Agreed Primary mode of contact: Email: Telephone: Email address: Telephone number: 4. UNDERTAKING RESEARCH OVERSEAS Where will the Student be undertaking their research? Please Ningbo China Elsewhere state 5. SPECIFIC DATES OR PERIODS WHEN SUPERVISOR IS UNAVAILABLE
6. SPECIFIC DATES OR PERIODS WHEN STUDENT IS UNAVAILABLE 7. SIGNATURE We, the undersigned, agree to the provisions outlined in this SLA. Student: Date: Supervisor: Date: The Student and Supervisor should each retain a copy of this Agreement whilst the Original version should be handed in to the Graduate Programmes Office for retention on the Student's file.
University of Nottingham Ningbo Research Ethics Checklist for Undergraduate and Taught Masters Students [strongly informed by the ESRC (2012) Framework for Research Ethics] A checklist should be completed for every research project or thesis where the researchinvolves the participation of people, the use of secondary datasets or archives relating topeople and/or access to field sites or animals. It will be used to identify whether a fullapplication for ethics approval needs to be submitted.You must not begin data collection or approach potential research participants until you havecompleted this form, received ethical clearance, and submitted this form for retention withthe appropriate administrative staff. Completing the form includes providing brief details about yourself and the research inSections 1 and 2 and ticking some boxes in Sections 3 and/or 4, 5, 6. Ticking a shadedbox in Sections 3, 4, 5 or 6 requires further action by the researcher. Two things need to be stressed: . Ticking one or more shaded boxes does not mean that you cannot conduct your research as currently anticipated; however, it does mean that further questionswill need to be asked and addressed, further discussions will need to take place, andalternatives may need to be considered or additional actions undertaken. . Avoiding the shaded boxes does not mean that ethical considerations can subsequently be 'forgotten'; on the contrary, research ethics - for everyone and inevery project – should involve an ongoing process of reflection and debate. The following checklist is a starting point for an ongoing process of reflection about theethical issues concerning your study. SECTION 1: THE RESEARCHER(S) 1.1: Name of principal researcher (in CAPITALS): 1.2: Status: . Undergraduate student . Postgraduate taught student 1.3: School/Division: 1.4: Student ID number: 1.5: Degree programme: 1.6: Module name/number: 1.7: Email address: 1.8: Names of other project members (if applicable): 1.9: Name of supervisor for dissertations; module convenor or staff member for otherresearch projects:
Yes No 1.10: I have read the University of Nottingham Ningbo Code ofResearch Conduct and Research Ethics: 1.12: When conducting research on people (Section 5) I willprepare both a participant consent form as well as an information sheet. I am aware that the following templates are available on theEthics webpage: -Participant consent form 1 -Participant Information Sheet English and Chinese . . SECTION 2: THE RESEARCH 2.1: Title of project: Please provide brief details (50-150 words) about your proposed research, as indicated ineach section 2.2: Research question(s) or aim(s) 2.3: Summary of Method(s) of data collection 2.4: Proposed site(s) of data collection 2.5: How will access to participants and/or sites be gained?
SECTION 3: RESEARCH INVOLVING USE OF SECONDARY DATASETS OR ARCHIVES RELATING TO PEOPLE If your research involves use of secondary datasets or archives relating to people allquestions in Section 3 must be answered. If it does not, please tick the ‘not relevant’ boxand go to Section 4. NOT RELEVANT . Please answer each question by ticking the appropriate box. 3.1: Is the risk of disclosure of the identity of individuals low or non-existent in the use of this secondary data or archive? 3.2: Have you complied with the data access requirements of thesupplier (where relevant), including any provisions relating topresumed consent and potential risk of disclosure of sensitiveinformation? Yes No . . . . SECTION 4: RESEARCH INVOLVING ACCESS TO FIELD SITES AND ANIMALS If your research involves access to field sites and/or animals all questions in Section 4 mustbe answered. If it does not, please tick the ‘not relevant’ box and go to Section 5. NOT RELEVANT . Please answer each question by ticking the appropriate box. Yes No 4.1: Has access been granted to the site? . . 4.2: Does the site have an official protective designation of any kind? If yes, have the user guidelines of the body managing the site a) been accessed? b) been integrated into the research methodology? 4.3: Will this research place the site, its associated wildlife and otherpeople using the site at any greater physical risks than areexperienced during normal site usage? . . . . . . . .
4.4: Will this research involve the collection of any materials from thesite? . . 4.5: Will this research expose the researcher(s) to any significant risk of physical or emotional harm? . . 4.6: Will the research involve vertebrate animals (fish, birds, reptiles,amphibians, mammals) or the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) inany capacity? . . If yes, will the research with vertebrates or octopi involve handling orinterfering with the animal in any way or involve any activity that maycause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm to the animal? . . SECTION 5: RESEARCH ON PEOPLE If your research involves the participation of people all questions in Section 5 must beanswered. Please answer each question by ticking the appropriate box. Yes No 5.1: Does the study involve participants age 16 or over who areunable to give informed consent? (e.g. people with cognitiveimpairment, learning disabilities, mental health conditions, physical or sensory impairments? . . 5.2: Does the research involve other vulnerable groups such as children (aged under 16) or those in unequal relationships with theresearcher? (e.g. your own students) . . 5.3: Will this research require the cooperation of a gatekeeper* forinitial access to the groups or individuals to be recruited? . . 5.4: Will this research involve discussion of sensitive topics (e.g. sexualactivity, drug use, physical or mental health)? . . 5.5: Could the study induce psychological stress or anxiety or causeharm or negative consequences beyond the risks encountered innormal life? . . 5.6: Are drugs, placebos or other substances (e.g. food substances,vitamins) to be administered to the study participants or will the studyinvolve invasive, intrusive or potentially harmful procedures of anykind? . . 5.7: Will this research involve people taking part in the study withouttheir knowledge and consent at the time? . . 5.8: Does this research involve the internet or other visual/vocalmethods where people may be identified? . . 5.9: Will this research involve access to personal information aboutidentifiable individuals without their knowledge or consent? . . 5.10: Does the research involve recruiting members of the public as researchers (participant research)? . . #p#分页标题#e#
5.11: Will the research involve administrative or secure data that requires permission from the appropriate authorities before use? . . 5.12: Is there a possibility that the safety of the researcher may be in question? . . 5.13: Will financial inducements (other than reasonable expenses andcompensation for time) be offered to participants? . . *Gatekeeper-a person who controls or facilitates access to the participants B. Before starting data collection Yes No 6.12: My full identity will be revealed to all research participants. . . 6.13: All participants will be given accurate information about the nature of theresearch and the purposes to which the data will be put. (An example of a Participant Information Sheet is available for you to amend and use at xxxxx) 6.14: All participants will freely consent to take part, and, where appropriate,this will be confirmed by use of a consent form. (An example of a Consent Form is available for you to amend and use at:6.15: All participants will freely consent to take part, but due to the qualitativenature of the research a formal consent form is either not feasible or is undesirable and alternative means of recording consent are proposed. . . 6.16: A signed copy of the consent form or (where appropriate) an alternativerecord of evidence of consent will be held by the researcher. . . 6.17: It will be made clear that declining to participate will have no negativeconsequences for the individual. . . 6.18: Participants will be asked for permission for quotations (from data) to beused in research outputs where this is intended. . . 6.19: I will inform participants how long the data collected from them will bekept. . . 6.20: Incentives (other than basic expenses) will be offered to potentialparticipants as an inducement to participate in the research. (Here anyincentives include cash payments and non-cash items such as vouchers andbook tokens.) . . 6.21: For research conducted within, or concerning, organisations (e.g.universities, schools, hospitals, care homes, etc) I will gain authorisation in advance from an appropriate committee or individual. . . C. During the process of data collection
Yes No 6.25: I will provide participants with my University contact details, andthose of my supervisor, so that they may get in touch about any aspectof the research if they wish to do so. . . 6.26: Participants will be guaranteed anonymity only insofar as they donot disclose any illegal activities. . . 6.27: Anonymity will not be guaranteed where there is disclosure orevidence of significant harm, abuse, neglect or danger to participantsor to others. . . 6.28: All participants will be free to withdraw from the study at anytime, including withdrawing data following its collection. . . 6.29: Data collection will take place only in public and/or professionalspaces (e.g. in a work setting . . 6.30: Research participants will be informed when observations and/orrecording is taking place. . . 6.31: Participants will be treated with dignity and respect at all times. . . D. After collection of data Yes No 6.32: Where anonymity has been agreed with the participant, data willbe anonymised as soon as possible after collection. . . 6.33: All data collected will be stored in accordance with the requirements of the University’s Code of Research Conduct . . 6.34: Data will only be used for the purposes outlined within theparticipant information sheet and the agreed terms of consent. . . 6.35: Details which could identify individual participants will not bedisclosed to anyone other than the researcher, their supervisor and (ifnecessary) the Research Ethics Panel and external examiners withoutparticipants’ explicit consent. . . E. After completion of research Yes No 6.37: Participants will be given the opportunity to know about theoverall research findings. . . 6.38: All hard copies of data collection tools and data which enable theidentification of individual participants will be destroyed. . . SECTION 7: ETHICAL APPROVAL (Complete either Part A or part B) Part A Student’s declaration of ethical research
If you did NOT tick any of the shaded boxes in Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this form, pleasesign and date below and get the checklist countersigned (see below). Students must submit the authorised checklist along with their assessed work to theModule Convenor or Supervisor. Dissertation students must include the checklist, previously signed and authorised by their supervisor, as an appendix when they submit their dissertation proposal. Please keep one copy of this form for your personal records. By signing this form you are agreeing to work within the protocol which you haveoutlined and to abide by the University of Nottingham Ningbo’s Code of ResearchConduct and Research Ethics. If you make changes to your research protocol (such as changes to methods of data collection, the proposed sites of data collection, the meansby which participants are accessed) which in turn would change your answers to any ofthe above questions then you must complete a new form and submit a copy to yoursupervisor/tutor. Once approved this should be lodged with the School Office. Signed ………………………………………………… Date …………………………….. Staff Authorisation (by supervisor for dissertations; module convenor or staffmember for other research projects) Having reviewed the ethical issues arising from the proposed research: . I consider this to be a minimum-risk study and confirm the research can goahead as planned. . I have requested that changes be made to the research protocol. (Theresearcher must complete and submit a revised form which integrates thesechanges.) . This project must be referred on to the Research Ethics Panel for moredetailed ethical scrutiny. (Please forward a hard copy to the School’s ResearchEthics Officer.) Signed ……………………………………………………… Date ………………………… Designation …………………………………………………………………………………………… Please note: any research protocols lodged with the School Office may be subject to review by the School’s Research Ethics Panel. Part B If you ticked any of the shaded boxes in sections 3, 4, 5 or 6 of this form, then you must complete SECTION 7b (below). You must then discuss all ethical issues arising, record theoutcome and have this form countersigned by a member of staff (see below). SECTION 7b: FURTHER INFORMATION & JUSTIFICATION OF METHODOLOGY
One box should be completed for each shaded box ticked in sections 3, 4, 5 or 6 of this form. Ethical issue: Rationale for chosen methodology and/or how ethical issue is to be addressed: Supervisor's/staff member’s response (including whether ethical issue has beensatisfactorily addressed): Ethical issue: Rationale for chosen methodology and/or how ethical issue is to be addressed: Supervisor's/staff member’s response (including whether ethical issue has beensatisfactorily addressed): (Please continue on separate sheets if required ) Student’s declaration of ethical research If you ticked any of the shaded boxes in Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this form, you should havecompleted Section 7b after discussion of the ethical issues with your module convenor orsupervisor. Then please sign and date below and get the checklist countersigned by yourmodule convenor or supervisor (see below). Students must submit the authorised checklist, along with their work to be assessed, to theFaculty Office. Dissertation students must include the checklist, previously signed and authorised by theirsupervisor, as an appendix when they submit their dissertation proposal. Please keep onecopy of this form for your personal records. By signing this form you are agreeing to work within the protocol which you have outlinedand to abide by the University of Nottingham’s Code of Research Conduct and ResearchEthics. If you make changes to your research protocol (such as changes to methods of datacollection, the proposed sites of data collection, the means by which participants are
accessed) which in turn would change your answers to any of the above questions then youmust complete a new form and submit a copy to your supervisor/tutor. Once approved thisshould be lodged with the School Office. Signed ………………………………………………… Date …………………………….. Staff Authorisation (by supervisor for dissertations; module convenor or staffmember for other research projects) This section must be completed in all cases where additional information has been providedin Section 7b. It is also helpful for the project supervisor to comment on the furtherinformation provided by the student in Section 7b. Please note that all projects involving vulnerable groups or the study of illegal activities should be referred on to the School Research Ethics Panel. Having reviewed the ethical issues arising from the proposed research: . I consider this to be a minimum risk study and confirm the research can goahead as planned. . I have requested that changes be made to the research protocol. (Theresearcher must complete and submit a revised form which integrates thesechanges.) . This project must be referred on to the Research Ethics Panel for moredetailed ethical scrutiny. (Please forward a hard copy to the School’s ResearchEthics Officer.) Signed ……………………………………………………… Date ………………………… Designation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Please note: any research protocols lodged with the School Office may be subject to reviewby the School’s Research Ethics Panel. The School Research Ethics Panel . agrees that the research can go ahead as planned . requests further information on the research protocol (see details below) . requests amendments to the research protocol (see details below) School REO……………………………………… Date ………………………… #p#分页标题#e#
REFERENCES Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2009). Business research: a practical guide for undergraduate & postgraduate students. Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2007). Research methods for business students. Harlow : Financial Times Prentice Hall. Eric M. Scheffel The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, November 2014
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