简单八步打造高质量英文summary

一篇摘要质量高，说明你吃透了文章的内容。你可以把所理解的东西拿来和你的读者交流。摘要写作并不容易，一开始动笔的时候，很容易把信息写的太多或干脆写不出什么信息。但只要跟着下面这个八步写摘要法，你就可以又快又准的写好任何文体的摘要啦。

Writing a good summary demonstrates that you clearly understand a text...and that you can communicate that understanding to your readers. A summary can be tricky to write at first because it’s tempting to include too much or too little information. But by following our easy 8-step method, you will be able to summarize texts quickly and successfully for any class or subject.

 

1）分段。首先，大概浏览一下文章，然后分段。重点关注文章里的标题、副标题、粗体字等，确定这些东西你都能看懂。

1)Divide…and conquer. First off, skim the text you are going to summarize and divide it into sections. Focus on any headings and subheadings. Also look at any bold-faced terms and make sure you understand them before you read. 
 

2) Read. Now that you’ve prepared, go ahead and read the selection. Read straight through. At this point, you don’t need to stop to look up anything that gives you trouble—just get a feel for the author’s tone, style, and main idea.

2）阅读。准备好了，就开始按段阅读吧。从头到尾读一遍。这遍阅读即便遇到了问题也不需要停下来去查——只要好好感受作者的语气，风格和主要思想就好啦。
 

3) Reread. Rereading should be active reading. Underline topic sentences and key facts. Label areas that you want to refer to as you write your summary. Also label areas that should be avoided because the details—though they may be interesting—are too specific. Identify areas that you do not understand and try to clarify those points. 
 

3）重读。再读文章的时候要进行主动阅读。把主题句、关键句、对你写summary有参考作用的部分都标出来。有些部分需另作标记，这是为了提醒你不要用这部分的——即便描写的很精彩——但太过于具体，就不要写进你的摘要里。对于你没太读明白的部分，同样标出来，之后试着弄清楚。
 

4) One sentence at a time. You should now have a firm grasp on the text you will be summarizing. In steps 1–3, you divided the piece into sections and located the author’s main ideas and points. Now write down the main idea of each section in one well-developed sentence. Make sure that what you include in your sentences are key points, not minor details. 
 

4) 一次只写一句。到目前为止，你对将要进行摘要写作的文章有了深刻的理解。在前三步中，你做了分段，也明确了作者的写作意图。现在你要把每个分段的中心思想都用一句整话写出来。要记住，句子里只要关键点，而非细节描述。
 

5) Write a thesis statement. This is the key to any well-written summary. Review the sentences you wrote in step 4. From them, you should be able to create a thesis statement that clearly communicates what the entire text was trying to achieve. If you find that you are not able to do this step, then you should go back and make sure your sentences actually addressed key points.
 

5) 写主旨。对于任何一篇高质量的摘要来说，写好主旨句是关键。再回顾一下你在第四步里写好的句子。你可以从中得出整篇文章要表达的主旨。如果你无法得出文章主旨，那就需要翻回头再好好读一下你的句子，看看你写的内容是不是针对文章要点而写的。
 

6) Ready to write. At this point, your first draft is virtually done. You can use the thesis statement as the introductory sentence of your summary, and your other sentences can make up the body. Make sure that they are in order. Add some transition words (then,however, also, moreover) that help with the overall structure and flow of the summary. And once you are actually putting pen to paper (or fingers to keys!), remember these tips:
 

6) 开始写作。到了这步的时候，摘要初稿其实已经拟好了。你可以把主旨句作为摘要的引导句引出文章，其他句子当作摘要的内容。记得这些句子要按顺序写作，句与句之间加些过渡词（例如然后，然而，并且，而且等）。过渡词对摘要的总体结构有一定的帮助作用，也让文章读起来更通顺流畅。动笔之前（或打字之前哈），牢记以下几点：
 

 

·用现在时写作。
 

·Make sure to include the author and title of the work.
 

·摘要里要写原作者和作品名称。
 

·Be concise: a summary should not be equal in length to the original text.
 

·力求简洁：summary的字数比原文少。
 

·If you must use the words of the author, cite them.
 

·如果必须用到原文，需要引用表述。

·Don't put your own opinions, ideas, or interpretations into the summary. The purpose of writing a summary is to accurately represent what the author wanted to say, not to provide a critique.

·摘要忌有自己的观点、想法、解释。摘要写作的目的是准确表达作者的观点，而非评论。
 

7)Check for accuracy. Reread your summary and make certain that you have accurately represented the author’s ideas and key points. Make sure that you have correctly cited anything directly quoted from the text. Also check to make sure that your text does not contain your own commentary on the piece.
 

7）检查准确性。重读写完的summary，确定你已将作者的思想、关键点准确表述出来了。所借鉴的引用都正确列入摘要里了，且文章里没有出现你自己的评论。
 

8) Revise. Once you are certain that your summary is accurate, you should (as with any piece of writing) revise it for style, grammar, and punctuation. If you have time, give your summary to someone else to read. This person should be able to understand the main text based on your summary alone. If he or she does not, you may have focused too much on one area of the piece and not enough on the author’s main idea.（from.http://www.ukassignment.org/summary/）
 

8）修改。当你觉得摘要写好了，还要从格式、语法、标点上再进行一次检查（写任何文章都要做这步哟）。时间允许的话，还可以把你写的摘要拿给其他人读下。别人应该可以单凭你的摘要就理解原文的意思。如果没有理解到位，说明你的摘要中个别部分或许着墨过多，从而忽视了作者的主要观点。

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