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导读：这是一篇指导美国作业范文，本报告的主要目的是从人力资源管理的角度，为其在美国或斯堪的纳维亚国家（瑞典、挪威、丹麦和芬兰）选择合适的制造厂。
The main purpose of this report is to choose an appropriate manufacturing plant for it in either USA or a Scandinavian country: Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland from perspective of human resource management.
随着跨国公司竞争的加剧，人力资源处于战略地位。因此，跨文化人力资源管理越来越受到重视。一家为移动行业生产电子产品的制造公司继续奉行跨国战略。 With intensifying competition in multinational companies, human resources are in a strategic position. Accordingly, more and more attention is paid to cross-culture human resource management. A manufacturing company producing electronics for the mobile industry continues pursuing transnational strategy.
美国是一个多文化、多种族的社会，因此它将开拓、务实、创新的精神融入到它的逐步发展之中。一方面，美国人追求自立、自强和个人自由。另一方面，美国人民把“最大化利益”作为他们的最终目标。美国典型的人力资源模式形成于20世纪初，以市场竞争为核心是其最突出的特点。这种管理模式适应了美国对自由的信仰和他们强调以自我为中心的价值观。
The United States is a multi-cultural and multi-racial society, so it integrates pioneering, pragmatic, innovative spirit in its gradual development. On one hand, Americans pursue self-reliance, self-improvement and individual freedom. On the other hand, people in USA treat “maximize benefits” as their ultimate goal. Typical human resources mode in United States was formed in the early 20th century and regarding market competition as the core was its most prominent feature. This management model adapted to American belief in freedom and their emphasis on self-centered value.
在斯堪的纳维亚的人力资源管理中，社会平衡是一个概念。社会平衡主要强调社会公正、公平，以及通过政府干预处理不同阶层的对比和矛盾（Paul和Glenn，2012年）。欧洲人注重人与人之间的和谐，因此他们没有竞争意识。此外，斯堪的纳维亚人还注重理性、科学、逻辑推理和理性分析。 The idea of social balance conceives in the human resource management in Scandinavia. Social balance mainly emphasizes on social justice, equity, as well as dealing with the contrast and contradiction in different class by government intervention (Paul and Glenn, 2012). Europeans concentrate on harmony between people, so they have a less sense of competition. In addition, Scandinavians also focus on reason, science, logical deduction and rational analysis. When multinational company crosses borders in capital, equipment and technology, it also steps across culture. Hofstede is a famous Duch expert in studying cross-culture and he defines culture as collective mental programming in certain environment. There are differences in mental programming between different groups, regions, and nations, because the programming is formed in different life, work and education. Through in investigation and analysis, Hofstede (1983) concludes four dimensions symbolizing culture differences, which are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/ collectivism, masculine/ feminine. These four dimensions provide a basic tool for indentifying differences in national culture. |
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