|
Department pointed out that the new generation of migrant workers born in the 20th century, 80 years after the age of 16 years, in different places in order to off-farm employment based agricultural household population. In 2009, the new generation of migrant workers a total of approximately one hundred million people, China's economic and social development play an increasingly dominant role.
新生代农民工系指出生于20世纪80年代以后，年龄在16岁以上，在异地以非农就业为主的农业户籍人口。2009年，新生代农民工总数约在一亿人左右，在我国经济社会发展中日益发挥主力军作用。
A new generation of migrant workers Education and Modern Distance Education of
一、新生代农民工教育及现代远程教育现状
(A) education of the new generation of migrant workers
(一)新生代农民工教育现状
New generation of migrant workers have become the main force of migrant workers, a huge number, qualifications and vocational training situation has greatly improved, but economic development and urban labor market demand is still incompatible. Therefore, we must carry them as soon as possible in order to improve the overall quality, training employment and entrepreneurship for the content of vocational education and training. They are eager to get an education, but the potential to be converted into explicit educational needs of the educational needs, but also for existing adult vocational education reform.
新生代农民工已成为农民工的主力军，数量庞大，学历水平和接受职业培训状况有了较大提高，但与经济发展和城市劳动力市场需求仍不相适应。因此，必须尽快对他们进行以提高综合素质、培养就业和创业能力为内容的职业教育和培训。他们渴望得到教育，但潜在的教育需求要转化为显性的教育需求，还需要对现有成人职业教育进行改革。
Education and training of existing patterns of migrant workers are mainly "Fuping School" model, educational model of migrant workers training vouchers, remote migrant workers employment and entrepreneurship training model, long-term adult education mode. Fuping mode which is by far the most successful training model of migrant workers, the main reason for the success is that it is a "public office to help" training an employment an interest in protecting the integration of new model training and employment of migrant workers, school orientation, educational content, operational scientific and effective way, but there is difficult to expand the education scale problems. Analysis of existing models, migrant workers can receive education and training main factors: first, the educational nature must be vocational education; Second, the content and practical, combining learning and employment; Third, low tuition; fourth, forms of learning flexible. Modern Distance Education of migrant workers meet the requirements for the form of education.
现有农民工教育培训模式主要有“富平学校”模式、农民工培训券教育模式、返乡农民工远程就业创业培训模式、长期的成人学历教育模式等。其中富平模式是至今为止最为成功的农民工培训模式，成功的主要原因在于它是“民办公助”的培训一就业一权益保护一体化的农民工培训就业新模式，办学方向、教育内容、运作方式科学有效，但存在教育规模难以扩大的问题。分析现有模式，农民工能够接受教育和培训的因素主要有：第一，教育性质必须是职业教育；第二，内容实用，学习与就业相结合；第三，学费低廉；第四，学习形式灵活多样。现代远程教育符合农民工对教育形式的要求。
(Two) Modern Distance Education of
Currently, the national recognition of qualifications of 68 networking academies, modern distance education to expand the scope of education can quickly make high-quality educational resources to the maximum extent of sharing; flexible educational, non-real-time interactive teaching and multimedia teaching resources, so that students can not time, place and form of restriction, for more fully autonomous learning, it is becoming the main form of adult education, the new generation of migrant workers become the main form of education. However, online education and educational needs of the new generation of migrant workers there is a gap between, mainly in vocational education characteristic lack of education costs are too high, rigid management model, a single approach to learning, teachers lack of respect. To meet the educational needs of the new generation of migrant workers, it is necessary to the existing network education and adult education and training of migrant workers to conduct in-depth reform, building a new type of modern distance vocational education mode.
Second, the new generation of migrant workers in the construction of modern distance education mode
The new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education mode is for the new generation of migrant workers, professional, modern distance education achieved through an educational model. Model builds on the existing online education management system reform is a prerequisite, the concept of education and vocational education reform is the basis for determining the nature of the profession and teaching content is the core, the other aspects of the reform is to protect.
(A) definition of the concept
The meaning of educational model. "Education Dictionary" education model will be interpreted as "some kind of education and teaching process is organized, reflecting the active process procedures and methods." Yang soil that educational model is to achieve a certain degree of training objectives implemented organizational principles and forms of education, which includes teaching and curriculum models, and also includes the responsibility of the school setting and related units, the division of tasks and time allocation. In this paper, the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education model is based on modern information and educational technology for the realization of certain training objectives of the education and teaching activities of the organization process, reflecting the active process procedures and methods, including the management system, Teaching and education evaluation.
(Two) the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education model that contains the contents of the
1 Linear education management system. We must first clear the government, businesses, schools, students are education and management of multiple subjects, should have the right to participate in the management of discourse, should constitute the primary responsibility of school, government guidance, the Quartet to participate in the management of the main mode. Education is a new generation of migrant workers nationwide education program, covering a wide range of management mechanism is obviously more mature TV system is undertaking this program of choice. But it should be relying on the TV system, an independent management, the external structure of the national education authorities a management committee - management center a linear learning center management system. Determine whether a state department of education administration for this exercise of governmental authority, macro-management education and supervision; composed of community representatives to participate in the management committee is the highest authority, the main exercise "government + corporate + School + Student" integrated authority responsible for deciding important matters of education; relying on Central TV, the establishment of the new generation of migrant workers in Modern Distance Education Management Center (hereinafter referred to as Management Center), the management center is responsible for all educational work; management center set up under System Based TV Learning Center, responsible for the implementation of the work item. Linear management system combines the scientific nature of the modern university system and the development of modern distance education in our country's reality, could become the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education management system.
2 stepped teaching. The new generation of migrant workers in modern distance education needs to include secondary, tertiary, undergraduate and above levels of education at all levels for different content, to take a different form of teaching, forming stepped teaching. The process of teaching students from admission to graduation, including all the activities:
First, the level and schooling. In 2009, at the age of 30 of the new generation of migrant workers who have received high school and higher education has increased above 26%, or nearly 74 million new generation of migrant workers who had only received secondary education and below. They want to get better career development, we need to accept compensation for secondary and higher education levels. This requires us to increase secondary levels of education, according to secondary school, college and university to implement different levels of different maturities flexible educational system.
Second, the nature of education and training goals. Explicit generation of migrant workers modern distance education is vocational education, rather than ordinary academic education. This requires education administration and school leaders, teachers, education aimed at changing the current network to enhance ideological education, foster employment, entrepreneurship and career development as the goal of the modern distance vocational education concepts. Generation of migrant workers education training objectives that companies should develop different types of labor personnel to the principle of education at different levels with different design goals. Moderate levels of education of the new generation of migrant workers, the main goal is for the purpose of employment, vocational training and technical education well junior technical personnel, skilled workers and well trained professional urban and rural workers. College or higher education level generation of migrant workers, employment and entrepreneurship goal is for the purpose of training with the professional basic theory and skills, the senior technical personnel, management personnel, with entrepreneurial abilities and qualities of entrepreneurs
Third, professional and teaching content. To the "People's Republic of occupation ceremony" Occupational categories for the basic principles of professional settings, from secondary school to undergraduate categories by occupation divided by the professional, progressively refined to docking with the division of professional positions. For employment in all stages of education, the college stage added entrepreneurship education content. Employment education, with "technology + culture" principles for the selection of teaching content, "occupation specific skills + Industry + generic skills + core skills of professional ethics" for the content, different levels and with different content and professional level of knowledge of the mix from Low to High progressively tend to specialize. This requires the existing network of professional education and teaching content more systematic reforms. Among them, the occupation specific skills can be understood as the range of National Occupational Classification ceremony into the scope of our country is divided into 1838 occupation; industry generic skills can be understood as a set of features and attributes in the same or similar occupational groups reflected the common skills and knowledge requirements can be determined at the national vocational education and training courses within a range of about three hundred kinds; core skills is narrowest, most versatile skills, is that people in his career and even necessary in everyday life, and to reflect In the specific professional activities of basic skills. Secondary levels of education should focus on improving students' core competencies, teaching content to the "core skills + professional ethics" as the basic structure, and develop their ability to adapt to the wider employment. College-level education should focus on improving students' generic skills in the industry, teaching content to the "core skills + skill + common industry professional ethics" as the basic structure of a particular industry practitioners to develop their skills. Undergraduate level education should focus on improving students' occupation specific skills, teaching content to the "common core skills + Industry + skill + occupation specific skills of professional ethics" as the basic structure, improve the overall quality and ability, based on their particular culture Post practitioners capabilities. So that from secondary school to undergraduate professional and educational content, the formation of a receipt from the professional category of professional positions for docking stepped educational structure that allows students adaptable general practitioners, and gradually grow into a profession and career specific skills expertise. In entrepreneurship education, college and university education in the creation of entrepreneurship education courses in order to approach the relevant entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial arts, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial qualities and entrepreneurs how to obtain these methods, art, ability and quality knowledge to those who are ready entrepreneurship people, so that they learn how to start.
Fourth, practice teaching. Case of a conditional endeavor to carry out field practice teaching, guiding students to consciously work practices at work. Teaching practice software development, construction, online virtual practice environment, the use of computer technology and simulation technology for virtual experiment teaching. Students through a computer network or group independent experiments done in collaboration to improve the practical ability.
Fifth, teachers. Further improve the professional level of teachers, increase teachers' education and assessment efforts to improve distance education "double" teacher ratio. To absorb certain aspects of social and business experts into the ranks of teachers, improve teachers' professional level, is the modern distance vocational education Teachers inevitable trend.
Sixth, the teaching form. Now online education, students are almost entirely self-state. Practice tells us that in this type of self-study distance learning, the learner is difficult from the boring learning materials to identify problems and lead to interest in learning, experiential learning activities can not be the social construction process, but can not discuss with teachers in a timely manner and communicate and get feedback, because students tend to learn blindness and give up. So, just to provide the learning environment is not enough, also need to focus on learning activities are designed to provide the learning process requires counseling and support. Therefore, the education process should strengthen management and guidance, to increase interaction between teachers and students.
In the new generation of migrant workers modern distance education should be student-centered, teacher-led "Body + led" based teaching as the basic form. Teaching, curriculum responsibility should appoint teachers, tutors and online courses Regional Learning Center course tutors. In Central Administration, select subjects, experts and scholars as a responsibility of the course teachers, responsible for course delivery, resource development, examination of the question, teacher training, receiving feedback improve teaching, to create a democratic and harmonious atmosphere of teaching and so on. Divided according to geographical area and the number of students, the appointment of regional online course tutor, responsible for the integration of resources, track student learning and personalized learning support services, is responsible for the management and student work within the region of marked exam papers, summarize the teaching problems, and The feedback to the curriculum responsibilities teachers. Learning Center tutors are responsible for face to face counseling, and can not participate in a variety of ways to personalize the students face to face counseling and follow-up management. Teaching, and the body at different stages occupy different dominant position in the ladder structure formed form of teaching. In the secondary stage, teaching mainly dependent learning center tutors, teachers pay attention to emphasize the leading role of independent learning courses lower proportion. Tertiary level, students increase the proportion of self-study courses, but the self-learning curriculum should focus primarily on the basis of little more difficult courses and hands-on requirements, but the reality conditions are not met, the better practice software construction professional courses. Undergraduate student self-learning-based, learning center main duty is to manage, and now almost entirely one-way data access-based self-study is different, each course should be equipped with regional online tutors, full guide supervise student learning activities. As this education system launched Based TV, Radio and TV has a sizable team of teachers to meet the various stages of education and management requirements, so this step-like form of teaching can be achieved.
Seventh, the learning effect evaluation. Focus on skills-based assessment, both at different stages and gradually increase the proportion of cultural theory examination and difficulty. This requires examination of the existing level of form and content for deeper reforms.
3 one-stop support service model. Broadly speaking, there is a one-stop service is when the customer needs to enter a site within a given area will be able to get all of the services that may be required. Generation of migrant workers in modern distance education support services should include a one-stop-stop service at two levels, one with information service platform for one-stop service for the site, or by learning one-stop service center for the site .
Information service platform for the site with one-stop services from government, business, teaching and student information form, the Government's policy and enterprise development and employment information respectively, by the government, enterprises passed to the management center, teaching and student information center set up by the Management , bringing together all the information transmitted by the management center into a unified platform for governments, businesses, students can obtain all the information needed platform. Platform's role is to: first, government, business, management, contact center and student Quartet platform for mutual support, supervision and evaluation of services; second is to provide graduate students and businesses all basic information and credit information platform for businesses and students choose to provide two-way services; Third, is to bring together all the teaching of teaching information platform for students to provide full teaching service; fourth, is a national educational management platform, reflect students' personal situation, school management do to a land registration, National Accessibility to participate in the study, assessment.
To learn the one-stop service center for the site, by teachers, administrators and information service platform together constitute. Teachers and administrators were integrated information service platform related information, and enter the appropriate information to complete their tasks, students, government, business center to obtain the necessary information from the learning, the learning center as a subject, and through learning centers for education overall monitoring and evaluation. Learning Centre's role is to: first, to provide student support services face; secondly, to provide business support services face; Third, commitment by the government and society in monitoring and evaluation of the quality of education in the subject. http://www.ukassignment.org/dxessay/
4. Third-party evaluation system. By the government, society, business, students participate in the development and implementation supervision and evaluation criteria, educational evaluation agency commissioned to complete the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance evaluation of the quality of vocational education, the formation of a third party education evaluation system. Meanwhile management center and learning center for government, businesses, students and intermediaries make evaluations. The evaluation results of the two sides on a regular basis to the public through the mass media, to form a complete mutual monitoring and evaluation mechanisms
In short, the new generation of migrant workers in modern distance vocational education model, through the realization of modern distance education, including linear management system, ladder-like teaching mode, one-stop support service model, third-party evaluation system, including the popular content vocational education mode. Explore and practice of this model will likely greatly promote the development of adult vocational education, to achieve overall quality of workers and improve their skills, thus promoting China's fast economic development.
|
