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商务管理课程作业-商业道德的概念概论。本文是一篇留学生商务管理课程作业写作范文，本篇留学生作业是让我们假设一家名为Dry Wire的公司是一家新的干洗店，正在西弗吉尼亚州的一个小镇上开办。随着公司的成立，他们决定打破一些商业道德准则。他们首先利用体制内的税收漏洞。他们把自己的生意做成政府不知道的生意，因此他们不必纳税。除此之外，Dry Wire还将其干洗产品的广告价格定为5美元，无论您的产品大小。一旦你收到干洗后的衣服，你的总数将达到8美元。后来，一位客户投诉，而Dry Wire公司的管理层认为没有必要帮助客户。取而代之的是，店主向顾客道歉，并把他们介绍给路边几个街区的另一家干洗店。正如你们所看到的，Dry Wire并没有尽到道德的责任。他们对顾客不关心也不诚实。因此留学生作业指出商业道德无疑是一门迅速引起许多商业组织注意的学科。下面就一起来看一下这篇商务管理课程作业的具体内容。
Let’s assume that a company named Dry Wire is a new dry cleaner that is starting up in a small town of West Virginia. As the company comes in, they decide to break several ethical codes as a business. They start with using tax loopholes within their system. They make their business one that is unknown by the government, therefore they will not have to pay taxes. Along with this, Dry Wire is also advertising their dry cleaning as $5, no matter the size of your item. Once you receive your clothing after it was dry cleaned, your total rings up to be $8. Later, a customer complains and the management within Dry Wire doesn’t feel the need to help out the customer. Instead, the owner apologizes to the customer and refers them to another dry cleaner a few block down the road. As you can see, Dry Wire wasn’t doing their part to be ethical. They weren’t caring or being honest to their customers. Business ethics is a discipline which is unquestionably fast attracting the attention of many business organizations. What is business ethics? According to International Business Ethics Institute, understanding the complexities of business ethics can be dubious due to the fact this field is often encompassing many concerns. Furthermore, it generally addresses the full range of responsibilities and requirements that a company has to each person involved within in the business, whether that be, clients, employees, suppliers, shareholders, or the community. To define business ethics, is simply a form of right doings where a company indicates they are able to conduct a business responsibly. To many, business ethics seems easy to comprehend but when you dig deep down, most find themselves in a confusing scenario. Due to the fact the term ethics can arise many definitions in a broad circumstance and it can be quite challenging to find a general definition of the term, most companies refer back to the concept of the term ethics to be considered integrity. 什么是商业道德？根据国际商业道德协会，理解商业道德的复杂性可能是可疑的，因为这一领域往往包含许多关注点。此外，它通常涉及公司对业务中涉及的每个人的全部责任和要求，无论是客户、员工、供应商、股东还是社区。定义商业道德，仅仅是一种正确的行为形式，公司表明他们能够负责任地开展业务。对许多人来说，商业道德似乎很容易理解，但当你深入研究时，大多数人发现自己陷入了一个令人困惑的境地。由于“道德”一词在广泛的情况下可能会产生许多定义，而且要找到一个通用的定义非常具有挑战性，因此大多数公司都会将“道德”一词的概念追溯到“诚信”一词。 From the beginning we need to recognize that the concept of business ethics is very broad, and there really is no single set of rules that is agreed upon by everyone. The nature of business, based around the concept that companies exist to generate profit, mean that ethical rules are defined, not necessarily by ideas like ‘the greater good’ or ‘benefit to society,’ but by competition. In a free market capitalist economy, the values of products are driven by supply and demand. So in retrospect, companies are morally expected to behave in a way that shall benefits economic competition. Higher competition creates a healthier economy, which should result in national growth and prosperity, at least theoretically speaking. Economic competition is taken seriously and generally is defined within business ethics. Just as we as a society expect people to interact in ways that will provide for a safer society and more functional, companies expect their workers to interact in ways that will benefit the overall economic health. In essence, this comes down to the knowledge of fairness. In a business stand point, something is ethical as long as it is fair. Can a large company buy out a smaller company? Yes. Thanks to the free market, all companies have the same opportunities, so practices like buying out other companies is just part of competition. It’s fair. But can companies use things like bribes, insider trading, or threats to make themselves more competitive? Absolutely not. That would be considered unethical because it’s unfair and in the end, tears down trust and cooperation between businesses, which hurts economic competition. Again, just as individual ethics are defined by actions that promote a strong society, business ethics are defined by maintaining a strong economy. 从一开始，我们就需要认识到商业道德的概念非常广泛，没有一套规则是每个人都同意的。商业的本质，基于公司存在是为了创造利润的概念，意味着道德规则的定义，不一定是“更大的好处”或“对社会有益”之类的想法，而是竞争。在自由市场资本主义经济中，产品的价值是由供给和需求驱动的。因此，回顾过去，人们在道德上期望公司的行为方式有利于经济竞争。更高的竞争创造了更健康的经济，至少从理论上讲，这应该导致国家的增长和繁荣。经济竞争受到重视，通常在商业道德中定义。正如我们作为一个社会期望人们以更安全的社会和更有效的方式进行互动一样，公司也期望他们的员工以有利于整体经济健康的方式进行互动。本质上，这归结为对公平的认识。从商业角度来看，只要是公平的，就有道德可言。大公司能收购小公司吗？是的。由于自由市场，所有公司都有同样的机会，所以收购其他公司只是竞争的一部分。这是公平的。但是，公司能否利用贿赂、内幕交易或威胁等手段提高自身的竞争力？绝对不是。这将被认为是不道德的，因为这是不公平的，最终会破坏企业之间的信任和合作，从而损害经济竞争。同样，正如个人道德是通过促进强大社会的行动来定义的，商业道德是通过保持强大的经济来定义的。 Many people find it true that you don’t have to search very far today to find examples of unethical behavior in business’. But what does it mean when we someone say something is ‘unethical’? Does it imply the same as ‘illegal?’ Just because something is legal doesn’t make it ethical. Ethical rules are different in adversarial situations, and might as well be argues that in the well-regulated world of commerce, business should feel justified in assisting themselves to whatever strategies aren’t specifically outlawed. 许多人发现，你今天不必搜索太远就能找到商业中不道德行为的例子，这是真的。但是，当我们有人说某件事是“不道德的”时，这意味着什么呢？它是否暗示与“非法”相同仅仅因为某些东西是合法的，并不意味着它是合乎道德的。道德规则在对抗性的情况下是不同的，也可以认为，在监管良好的商业世界中，企业应该觉得有理由帮助自己采取任何没有明确规定为非法的策略。 According to Susan Fenner, “Ethics can be defined as going beyond what is legal and doing what is right, even when no one is looking”. Fenner makes it evident that when we discuss unethical behavior in business, we are explaining the behaviors that don’t harmonize to the satisfactory standards of business operations or failing to do what is right in every situation. In few cases, an individual within a business who may act unethical within his or her job would result in corruption to the company. It becomes significant to understand what is unethical may not always be illegal (though sometimes it is both). There are many circumstances business cross where their actions may act within the law, but yet blatantly hurt society and are typically considered to be viewed as unethical. 根据苏珊·芬纳的观点，“道德可以定义为超越法律，做正确的事，即使没有人注意到”。Fenner指出，当我们讨论商业中的不道德行为时，我们是在解释那些不符合令人满意的商业运作标准的行为，或者在任何情况下都不能做正确的事情。在少数情况下，企业中的个人在其工作中可能表现得不道德，会导致公司腐败。理解什么是不道德的并不总是非法的（尽管有时两者都是）。在许多情况下，商业交叉口的行为可能在法律范围内，但公然伤害社会，通常被认为是不道德的。 Consider, on what general basis is something made illegal? Mariana is illegal to smoke now in many states without consent from your physician. So because Mariana is illegal, is it considered absolute for your doctor to prescribe it to you? Putting aside personal beliefs about the product, most would say that something that is ethical, could be illegal and something that is unethical could easily be legal. On the contrary, it is legal for most companies to sell their products at whatever price they may choose. Would it be ethical for a company to upcharge a product during a specific hour over the other? My point here is that ethics and legality have two separate sides. Although they work hand and hand, one can still work without the other. 试想一下，在什么样的一般基础上，某事物被定为非法？玛丽安娜现在在许多州未经医生同意吸烟是违法的。那么，因为玛丽安娜是非法的，它被认为是绝对的，你的医生开给你？撇开个人对产品的看法不谈，大多数人会说，一些合乎道德的东西可能是非法的，而一些不合乎道德的东西很容易是合法的。相反，大多数公司以他们可以选择的任何价格出售他们的产品是合法的。一家公司在一个特定的时间内对一个产品加价是否合乎道德？我的观点是，道德和合法性有两个不同的方面。虽然他们手拉手地工作，但一个人仍然可以在没有另一个人的情况下工作。 Business ethics is fast attracting in today’s society because of tax loopholes. Tax loopholes are considered to be gaps that exist within the tax codes that offer space for individuals or businesses to possess advantage without truly violating the law. Often times, businesses tend to escape tax loopholes in order to avoid paying taxes in the United States, while pulling in billions of dollars in profits. Most companies who use this system to their advantage do it behind the scenes. When a company pays under the table, pay checks will not be taxed. Along with this, their company will not be recognized for needing to write off taxes at the end of the year. Therefore, businesses that do this perform a loophole within our tax system to get out of paying back to our government at the end of the year. 由于税收漏洞的存在，商业道德在当今社会迅速受到关注。税收漏洞被认为是税法中存在的漏洞，为个人或企业在不真正违法的情况下拥有优势提供了空间。通常情况下，企业为了逃避美国的税收漏洞，同时赚取数十亿美元的利润。大多数使用该系统的公司都是在幕后进行的。当一家公司私下付款时，工资支票将不被征税。除此之外，他们的公司将不会因为需要在年末注销税款而被确认。因此，这样做的企业在我们的税收体系中存在漏洞，无法在年底向政府偿还。 Another unethical practice is intentionally over-billing the customers. Companies will bill their customers for more than the agreed-upon price, and even go so far as to charge them products and services they never administered. Companies might also double bill for their services, hoping that the customers won’t notice. Often times, customers will make purchases or will renew their contracts based upon service or product upgrade timelines. Being unable to meet product functionality or service upgrade timelines may leave customers in an unhappy place and will result in unsatisfied customers who may not return. Therefore, it is genuinely important to keep new developments “secret” until the company is certain that the product or contract will be completed and promised. Imagine personally walking into a well known company. You decide to purchase a new washer and dryer for your home. You won’t have room in your car to take it home so you ask them to have it delivered a few days later. You pay the thousands of dollars for this product, as well as a delivery fee. Two weeks then pass and you still have not received your washer and dryer. This certainly would become frustrating as a customer and would draw you away from purchasing any additional products from that company again. This is why it is important to make sure that, as a company, you follow ethical practice to assure customer satisfaction. 另一种不道德的做法是故意向客户多开账单。公司会向客户收取超过约定价格的费用，甚至向他们收取从未管理过的产品和服务的费用。公司也可能会加倍支付他们的服务费用，希望客户不会注意到。通常情况下，客户会根据服务或产品升级时间表进行购买或续订合同。无法满足产品功能或服务升级时间表可能会让客户处于不愉快的境地，并会导致不满意的客户可能无法返回。因此，在公司确定产品或合同将完成并承诺之前，对新开发项目保密是非常重要的。想象一下自己走进一家知名公司。你决定为你的家买一台新的洗衣机和烘干机。你的车里没有空间把它带回家，所以你要求他们几天后把它送到。你要为这个产品支付几千美元，还有送货费。两个星期过去了，你仍然没有收到洗衣机和烘干机。这当然会成为令人沮丧的客户，并将吸引你从购买任何额外的产品从该公司再次。这就是为什么作为一家公司，确保遵循道德规范以确保客户满意是很重要的。 There are several ways that businesses involve themselves in unethical conduct. Irrelevant medical procedures also encompass a huge section of ethics within a business. People don’t always view their dentist or doctor as a ‘business’, but money does exchange hands for the services that are provided, and the medical and dental professions are exempt from unethical business practices. Dentist, doctors, and other medical professionals may perform procedures that are not fully necessary or they may prescribe a more expensive medicine for a patient that won’t act differently, when a better treatment is available at a lower cost. In extraordinary situations, there have been doctors who have charged for expensive chemotherapy drugs that weren’t ever actually given to their cancer patients. Recently there was a case where a doctor told his healthy patients they had cancer so he could collect payments for treatment from Medicare. Situations such as thus appear more than people believe. Healthcare certainly isn’t an area in which most most people prefer messing with. Therefore, it makes it easy for health businesses to take advantage of their patients to preform unethical practices such as this. 企业参与不道德行为有几种方式。不相关的医疗程序也包含了商业道德的一个巨大部分。人们并不总是将他们的牙医或医生视为“生意”，但金钱确实可以用手交换所提供的服务，而且医疗和牙科专业不受不道德商业行为的影响。牙医、医生和其他医疗专业人员可能会执行不完全必要的程序，或者他们可能会为患者开出更昂贵的药物，但不会采取不同的行动，此时可以以更低的成本获得更好的治疗。在特殊的情况下，有些医生收取昂贵的化疗药物的费用，而这些药物实际上并没有给他们的癌症患者。最近有一个案例，一位医生告诉他的健康病人他们得了癌症，这样他就可以从医疗保险中收取治疗费用。这样的情况比人们想象的要多。当然，医疗保健并不是大多数人喜欢涉足的领域。因此，这使得卫生企业很容易利用其患者实施这样的不道德做法。 In April of 2014, Flint, Michigan encountered a drastic water crisis that began to change the city dramatically. Within a manufacturing businesses, they may be able to compromise public healthy by releasing hazardous waste into the water supply of Flint or by discharging toxins into the air far more than what is allowed by the law. In cases such as this, it is considered to be both unethical and illegal. Businesses that may do this would do this that way they do not have to pay a fee to dispose correctly of their waste. 2014年4月，密歇根州弗林特市遭遇了一场严重的水危机，这场危机开始使该市发生巨大变化。在制造企业中，他们可能会通过向燧石的水源中排放有害废物或向空气中排放远远超过法律允许的毒素，危害公众健康。在这种情况下，这被认为是不道德和非法的。可能这样做的企业将这样做，他们不必支付费用，以正确处理他们的废物。 According to Ferrell, O.C., there is a four-stage model theory to explain organization’s social responsibility for which ethical managers are responsible for. Stage one is where Leaders who promote stakeholder’s interests by maximizing profits and rising up costs. This is used to preserve the original interest of the owners. “The responsibility to shareholders may be stated in the following directions, such as the maximum utilization of resources supplied by them, payment of fair and regular dividend, offering opportunity for applying voting rights in the election of directors.” (Ferrell, O.C.). Socially, each shareholder holds their own responsibility and are required for maintaining their section of authority. 根据费雷尔，O.C.，有一个四阶段模型理论来解释组织的社会责任，道德管理者负责。第一阶段是领导者通过最大化利润和提高成本来促进利益相关者的利益。这是为了维护业主的原始利益。“对股东的责任可以在以下方向说明，例如最大限度地利用股东提供的资源，支付公平和定期的股息，提供在董事选举中运用投票权的机会。”。从社会角度看，每个股东都有自己的责任，并且需要维护自己的职权范围。 In addition, stage two involves leaders acquiring responsibilities for their employees. The affectionate relationships that exist between managers and employees will guarantee the increase in production and overall environment of the business. Managers should So, the management should pass over a section of their responsibility to their employees by providing them with proper work rights, maintaining honesty, training, and provision for a fair working environment. With this, the employees will feel as though they are the important elements of the organization and receive inspiration to devote themselves to higher achievements within the company. (Ferrell, O.C.). 此外，第二阶段涉及领导者为其员工承担责任。管理者与员工之间存在的亲昵关系将保证企业生产和整体环境的增长。管理者应该这样做，管理者应该通过向员工提供适当的工作权利、保持诚实、培训和提供公平的工作环境，将一部分责任移交给员工。这样，员工会觉得自己是组织的重要组成部分，并受到激励，致力于在公司内取得更高的成就。 Within stage three, leaders and managers accept more responsibilities for creditors and debtors. Management posses’ one of the main responsibilities to deal with its customers. Then, managers obtain the power to set free its responsibility to other creditors and suppliers. 在第三阶段，领导者和管理者对债权人和债务人承担更多的责任。管理层的主要职责之一是与客户打交道。然后，管理者有权将其责任免除给其他债权人和供应商。 Stage four shows how leaders and managers are accepting responsibility for the entire society. It is a requirement that the management should comply with the rules and regulations that are set in stone. Management also has its own responsibility to pay close attention to the social environment and assure unethical practice are being avoided at all costs. 第四阶段展示了领导者和管理者如何为整个社会承担责任。这是一项要求，即管理层应遵守既定的规章制度。管理层也有责任密切关注社会环境，确保不惜一切代价避免不道德的做法。 In conclusion, individuals and organizations face countless decisions daily. Ethical decision making is significant to an organization’s success rate and is a choice that individual companies make on their own, but these choices can have compelling consequences for an organization. As we can see, business ethics is a discipline which is unquestionably fast attracting the attention of many business organizations. Works Cited 引用文献 “Business Ethics.” Business Ethics RSS, business-ethics.com/. Accessed 19 Mar. 2017 Call, Andrew, et al. “Ethics.” Research: Firms Give More Stock Options When They’Re Committing Fraud, 26 Jan. 2017. Elegido, J.: 1996 Fundamentals of Business Ethics, Ibadan, Spectrum. Ferrell, O. C., et al. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Boston, MA, Cengage Learning, 2017. A Role for Ethics Theroy in Speculative Business Ethics Teaching. Mick Fryer, 5 Mar. 2015 Wagner, Cynthia G. “Emerging Careers and How to Create Them.” World Future Society, pp. 1-3. 课程作业总结，个人和组织每天面临无数的决策。道德决策对组织的成功率非常重要，是单个公司自己做出的选择，但这些选择可能会对组织产生令人信服的后果。正如我们所看到的，商业道德无疑是一门迅速吸引许多商业组织注意的学科。本站提供各国各专业留学生作业范文，以及留学生作业辅导，如有需要可咨询本平台。 |
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