International Relations Coursework格式范文：Can the EU Serve as an Integration Model for ASEAN?

International Relations Coursework格式范文-欧盟能否成为东盟的一体化模式？本文是一篇留学生国际关系课程作业，主要内容是讲述“剥猫皮的方法不止一种”这句古老的谚语已经成为一个老生常谈的短语，足以说明和描绘原型过程的画布，典范标准或完美标本并不是成功的唯一途径。Coursework范文中提到这句短语在竞技体育、职业选择以及习惯性的日常生活中都适用于生活建议，在成就伟大时，这个成语也适用于国际关系。任何级别的合作都被视为在所有相互尊重的领域取得的成就；撇开分歧、确定共同目标的能力，以及实现这一目标的决心。国际关系合作的成功表现为民族国家在共同性的基础上结成联盟，朝着一个雄心勃勃的目标前进，在为实现集体目标而连接武器的地区进一步发展为民族国家。下面就请参考这篇留学生国际关系Coursework写作范文。

The age old saying of “there’s more than one way to skin a cat” has served as a clichéd phrase to adequately illustrate and paint the canvas of the archetypal process, exemplar standard or the perfect specimen isn’t the only path to success. This expression has been applicable as life advice, in competitive sports, career choices, as well as habitual daily-life in achieving greatness, the idiom has also lent to International Relations. Cooperation at any level is considered an achievement in all respectful fields; the ability to set aside differences, identify commonality for a purpose and the overlapping determination in reaching that ambition. The success of cooperating in International Relations takes the form of nation states coming together in alliance on the basis of commonality towards an ambitious goal, furthering into nation states in regions linking arms in pursuit for a collective objective. This profound bond is the grouping of nation states in a region exuding behaviors as a collective who understand differences, identify common interests and strive towards a unified goal. The examples of regionalization would be of the European Union, the EU, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN. While the two regional groupings have been known to be successful, the level of integration between the two differ quite considerably. The EU’s level of integration furthers ASEAN by many folds; the ability to integrate not only areas for free trade, but the unification of the market, currency, common passport, a customs union and a commonality in foreign policy as a region all through a common institution. 

这种深厚的纽带是一个地区的民族国家的集体，他们表现出理解差异、认同共同利益并努力实现统一目标的集体行为。区域化的例子包括欧盟、欧盟和东南亚国家联盟或东盟。虽然这两个区域集团已经取得了成功，但两者之间的一体化程度差异很大。欧盟的一体化水平使东盟发展了许多倍；不仅能够整合自由贸易领域，而且能够通过一个共同机构将市场、货币、共同护照、关税同盟和外交政策的共同性统一为一个区域。

The overwhelming success of the European Union dwarfs that of ASEAN where the Asian counterpart has only been able to achieve integration regionally through free trade and economic movement. The difference in level of integration begs the question of whether the EU model has the ability to befit that of ASEAN and provide guidelines and prove to be exemplar in regional integration. To begin whether the EU model is capable of providing as a structural guideline for ASEAN, we inspect the circumstances of the purpose each integration from its origins, and examine the validity of the two then systematically determine whether the EU model is capable of befitting that of ASEAN to achieve paralleling success in the East.

欧盟的压倒性成功使东盟相形见绌，在东盟，亚洲国家只能通过自由贸易和经济运动实现区域一体化。一体化水平的差异引发了一个问题，即欧盟模式是否有能力适应东盟模式，并提供指导方针，并证明其在区域一体化中具有示范作用。为了开始欧盟模式是否能够作为东盟的一个结构性指导方针，我们检查了每一次一体化的起源目的，并检查了两者的有效性，然后系统地确定欧盟模式是否适合东盟模式，以在东方取得类似的成功。

The integration of the European Union is herald as the greatest union of nation states in a region, highest achievement in integration of a common currency, customs union, single market, common passport and foreign policy under a common institution. The ability for the members to share sovereignty and surrender to a collective long-term goal of a regional cooperation above domestic interests creates a supportive environment in channeling political will. The European Union marked the pioneer for regional integration which exhibited a collective ideology of a ‘community approach’ rather than the traditional balance of power mode accrediting Robert Schuman of France and Konrad Andenauer of Germany. The collective to channel political will led to the construction of a legally binding common institution which oversaw the integration project. This Western model empowered the consensus approach with a pronged initiative of solidarity and tolerance by not isolating any member regarding major domestic issues of a banking crisis resulting in an increase in public debt. Greece represents the first test to the European Union’s Single currency resulting in a great increase in both public debt and deficit. The consensus approach meant that Union were hesitant in decision-makings as well as implementing policies until the vast majority of member states were pursued to collectively pursue and implement such policies. The process of proposals passed through the Working Party, then to the Permanent Representatives Committee (Coreper) then finally a Council configuration secures that a proposal befits the interests of the entire Union. The willingness to provide significant financial transfer to help poorer members catch up with the collective norm meant that stronger members in the Union saw the importance of financial weaker nation states and placed collective will power above domestic interests but meant a lag and a pull back on financial capabilities for further advancements.

欧洲联盟的一体化被誉为一个地区最大的民族国家联盟，在共同货币、关税联盟、单一市场、共同护照和共同制度下的外交政策一体化方面取得的最高成就。成员国能够分享主权并屈服于超越国内利益的区域合作这一集体长期目标，这为引导政治意愿创造了有利的环境。欧盟标志着区域一体化的先驱，它展现了一种“共同体方式”的集体意识形态，而不是法国的罗伯特·舒曼和德国的康拉德·安德瑙尔所认可的传统力量平衡模式。引导政治意愿的集体导致了一个具有法律约束力的共同机构的建立，该机构负责监督一体化项目。这一西方模式通过团结和容忍的双管齐下举措增强了协商一致的做法，在导致公共债务增加的银行危机的重大国内问题上不孤立任何成员国。希腊是对欧盟单一货币的第一次考验，导致公共债务和赤字大幅增加。协商一致的做法意味着欧盟在决策和执行政策方面犹豫不决，直到绝大多数成员国被要求集体推行和执行这些政策。提案通过工作组，然后通过常驻代表委员会（Coreper），最后通过理事会组合，确保提案符合整个联盟的利益。愿意提供大量资金转移以帮助较贫穷的成员赶上集体规范，这意味着欧盟中实力更强的成员国认识到了金融实力较弱的国家的重要性，并将集体意志力置于国内利益之上，但这意味着金融能力的滞后和进一步发展的后撤。

Under the leadership of France and Germany meant that Paris and Berlin were the driving force behind the EU integration, and under this leadership can attribute to the success of the integration itself in the ability for the two countries to overlook historical differences between the two and step together for a success of a better tomorrow. The critical element that make regionalism successful in Europe in achieving the European Union was the ability to push aside differences; the capability in reconciling historical pasts. With historical reconciliation, especially between France and Germany with a turbulent historical past of the war of 1870, the First and Second World War. The reconciliation brought the cohesion that allowed for the development of relationship building and the necessary political will for cooperation and ultimately integration. The achievement through years of sustained political effort from leaders of both countries paved way that facilitated the mend of commonality towards sculpting a regional community. This is a reflection of the European Union’s ability and ‘community approach’ and through a common institution of the European Econmic Community formed a Free Trade Area, instill a Customs Union that led to a Single Market and Single Currency. The regional cooperation of economics wasn’t the limit as foreign policy overlapped amongst the members which allowed for a common passport. These aspects and byproducts through political will in achieving an ambitious common goal forged an atmosphere of peace, prosperity and security in the European environment.

在法国和德国的领导下，意味着巴黎和柏林是欧盟一体化的推动力，而在这种领导下，可以将一体化本身的成功归功于两个国家能够忽略两者之间的历史差异，并携手共创美好明天。使区域主义在欧洲成功实现欧洲联盟的关键因素是能够消除分歧；调和历史过去的能力。随着历史的和解，尤其是法国和德国之间的和解，他们经历了1870年战争、第一次和第二次世界大战的动荡历史。和解带来了凝聚力，有助于发展关系建设，也有助于合作和最终融合的必要政治意愿。两国领导人通过多年持续的政治努力取得的成就为促进共同性的修补，塑造一个区域共同体铺平了道路。这反映了欧盟的能力和“共同体方法”，并通过欧洲经济共同体的共同制度形成了自由贸易区，灌输了一个关税联盟，从而形成了单一市场和单一货币。区域经济合作不是限制，因为成员国之间的外交政策重叠，允许使用共同护照。通过实现雄心勃勃的共同目标的政治意愿，这些方面和副产品在欧洲环境中营造了和平、繁荣与安全的氛围。

With an ambitious idea seen through to the very end can prove to solidify and validate the EU model of integration especially in its historical record of responding to crisis. The validity of cooperation is tested in the face of turmoil and with such response by the European Union model, this integration has proved time and time again that in crisis it has responded astoundingly, as well establish mechanisms that eliminate repeating failures. Crisis that brought leveraged adversity namely the failed plan for a European Community in 1954 led to the creation of the European Economic Community, the EEC, the empty chair crisis of 1965 led to the de facto acceptance of the Qualified Majority Voting reflecting the consensus approach, QMV, and its eventual acceptance resulting in the 1986 Single European Act. A currency crisis of the 1980s birthed to the European Monetary System and ultimately the Euro, and finally the demise of communism in Europe led to the establishment of a common foreign and security policy paving way for the widest enlargement EU members into the Union’s integration.

将一个雄心勃勃的想法贯穿始终，可以巩固和验证欧盟的一体化模式，尤其是在应对危机的历史记录中。在动荡面前，合作的有效性受到了考验，在欧盟模式的这种回应下，这种一体化一次又一次证明，在危机中，它做出了惊人的回应，并建立了消除重复失败的机制。带来杠杆逆境的危机，即1954年欧洲共同体计划的失败，导致了欧洲经济共同体（EEC）的成立，1965年的空椅子危机导致了合格多数投票的事实接受，反映了协商一致的方法QMV，并最终被接受，导致1986年的《单一欧洲法案》。20世纪80年代的一场货币危机催生了欧洲货币体系，最终催生了欧元，最后，共产主义在欧洲的消亡导致了共同的外交和安全政策的确立，为欧盟成员国最广泛地加入欧盟铺平了道路。

In retrospect, there were many requirements that had to be met for numerous nation states to come together in unison linked by interests. Requirements that places the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to the test in its own integration. The process of the European integration may have had the head start and set an example to other regions for the strive for regionalism but the European Union isn’t without flaws, flaws that once examined may unveil why the Western model is ill suited for ASEAN. The European Union has been the most developed model of regional integration, although historically through common institutions and the sharing of sovereignty for problem solving, recent crises haven’t been handled well. Shaken by an economic and financial crisis, and the lack of a timely and coherent response to the Eurozone crisis called into question the integrity of the union and increased doubts of the integration process altogether. The financial crisis revealed structural and institutional fault lines which led to a decline of the Western orientated world power into one that gave rise to Asia and its market power. Mechanisms in place that aimed to reverse or buffer the effects of the economic and financial crisis were economic adjustments or austerity measures but came off as threatening towards domestic affairs. The adjustments allowed for the fragility of political cohesion and stability; the Lisbon Treaty, also known as the Reform Treaty, that replaced the European Constitution. One of major changes of the Lisbon Treaty will be the new president of the European council with two and half year term which will replace the current presidency rotating between member states every six months. Although the Lisbon Treaty sought a reform that would restructure leadership, it paved way for a failure that would undermine the integrity of the shared collective that the European union herald greatly. The obstacle that the Lisbon Treaty faced was that Ireland placed the Lisbon Treaty on referendum, and the Irish public did not accept the Treaty and rejected its ratification. With this wave of doubt in the ratification, the Czech Senate voted for the Lisbon but lacked the signatory approval of the Czech president, without such proved his Euro-Skeptic attitudes towards it sand fueled a demonstration of the Czech public who shared disapproval of this Treaty. With this apparent failure convinced the interests to stray away from any further institutional changes, “More Europe, no more.” This example explores that a regional restricting that a shared collective no longer spreads the region evenly, the region’s interest has slowly diminished and national interests have overtaken decisions made in this Union. Evident of this change of heart is Germany’s shift in perception, as one of the strongest advocate and champ of integration, Germany leaned towards the skeptic camp as well as issuing public doubts of the Eurozone.

回顾过去，许多民族国家必须满足许多要求，才能因利益而团结一致。要求东南亚国家联盟在其自身的一体化中经受考验。欧洲一体化进程可能已经取得了先机，并为其他地区争取区域主义树立了榜样，但欧盟并非没有缺陷，一旦被审查，可能会揭示为什么西方模式不适合东盟。欧盟一直是最发达的区域一体化模式，尽管从历史上看，通过共同机构和分享主权来解决问题，但最近的危机并没有得到很好的处理。由于受到经济和金融危机的冲击，以及对欧元区危机缺乏及时和一致的反应，欧盟的完整性受到了质疑，一体化进程也受到了越来越多的质疑。金融危机揭示了结构性和制度性的断层，导致西方主导的世界大国衰落为亚洲及其市场力量的崛起。旨在扭转或缓冲经济和金融危机影响的现有机制是经济调整或紧缩措施，但对国内事务造成威胁。这些调整导致了政治凝聚力和稳定的脆弱性；里斯本条约，又称改革条约，取代了欧洲宪法。《里斯本条约》的主要变化之一将是欧洲理事会的新主席，任期两年半，将取代成员国每六个月轮值一次的现任主席。尽管《里斯本条约》寻求一项改革，以重组领导层，但它为失败铺平了道路，这将破坏欧盟大力倡导的共同集体的完整性。《里斯本条约》面临的障碍是，爱尔兰将《里斯班条约》置于公投，爱尔兰公众不接受该条约，拒绝批准该条约。随着这一波对批准的质疑，捷克参议院投票支持《里斯本条约》，但没有得到捷克总统的签字批准，这也证明了他对该条约的欧洲怀疑态度，并助长了捷克公众对该条约表示反对的示威。由于这一明显的失败说服了利益集团远离任何进一步的制度变革，“更多的欧洲，不再有。”这个例子探讨了一个地区性的限制，即一个共同的集体不再在该地区均匀分布，该地区的利益慢慢减少，国家利益已经超越了在这个联盟中做出的决定。这种转变的明显表现是德国观念的转变，作为一体化的最有力倡导者和倡导者之一，德国倾向于持怀疑态度的阵营，并公开质疑欧元区。

The growing urgency rising from the problems of the European Union is that rapid integration without commensurate strengthening of political and economic institutions. The emerging gaps can allow for lessons to be learned by other regional groupings in terms of institutional capacity and necessary coordination in integration. The challenges that follows of the EU integration can be accredited to fiscal coordination, amidst a worsening of economic outlook the reform adjustments to cleanse the financial system with austerity measures led to fragility of economies of EU member states like Greece, Spain, Portugal and renewed speculation in the financial market.  The second challenge that the European Union faces is a long-standing identity crisis, the Eurozone with 16 members, European Union members allotting at 27 issues a high number heterogeneity.  The attachment of European capital to national sovereignty and its reluctance to give power to Brussels for decision making lends to a decrease in the willingness to share sovereignty. On a recent note, at the Copenhagen climate change conference in December 2009, the EU inability to collectively voice at the conference revealed the Union’s weakness as an international actor. The conclusion of the conference ended with the EU agreeing to a deal that leaders of the region agreed that “no deal would have been a better deal”, endorsing a deal with no legal bindings, and an informal setting of promises to curb emissions speaks volumes on EU being unable to assert itself at the most critical juncture on the world stage and stains the legacy of its integration and its ability to conform to differences and shared sovereignty in the region. If the deal wasn’t endorsed, it would have rallied a collective of voices who share the sentiment that such a deal would make no changes to the environment. The European Union in many of its successes poses numerous present-day challenges that undermine the achievements of this regional integration, its inability to respond to difficulties of a financial crisis and the burdening increase of doubt spreading throughout the region on the crumble of an aligned collective interest.

由于欧洲联盟的问题，日益紧迫的是，在没有相应加强政治和经济体制的情况下，迅速实现一体化。新出现的差距可以让其他区域集团在体制能力和必要的一体化协调方面吸取经验教训。欧盟一体化所带来的挑战可以归结为财政协调，在经济前景恶化的情况下，通过紧缩措施净化金融体系的改革调整导致希腊、西班牙、葡萄牙等欧盟成员国经济脆弱，金融市场重新出现投机行为。欧盟面临的第二个挑战是一场长期存在的身份危机，欧元区有16个成员国，欧盟成员国分配了27个问题，数量差异很大。欧洲资本对国家主权的依附及其不愿将决策权交给布鲁塞尔，导致分享主权的意愿下降。最近，在2009年12月的哥本哈根气候变化会议上，欧盟无法在会议上集体发言，这暴露了欧盟作为国际行动者的弱点。会议结束时，欧盟同意达成一项协议，该地区领导人同意“没有任何协议会是更好的协议”，赞同一项没有法律约束力的协议，非正式的减排承诺表明，欧盟无法在世界舞台上最关键的时刻表明自己的立场，并玷污了其一体化的遗产，以及其顺应该地区分歧和共同主权的能力。如果这项协议没有得到认可，它将聚集一批声音，他们都认为这样的协议不会改变环境。欧洲联盟在其许多成功中构成了当今的许多挑战，这些挑战破坏了这一区域一体化的成就，它无力应对金融危机的困难，并使整个区域对一致的集体利益的崩溃产生了越来越多的怀疑。

The Asian counterpart to the European Union is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, also known as ASEAN. When foreign ministers from Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore came together to sign the Bangkok Declaration on August 8th, 1976 it established this newly founded association, in hopes to manage and contain intra-regional conflicts. The Association grew to ten members with the additional Singapore, Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The goal extended to maintaining peace, and bringing stability in a community marred by war to ensure that each member is free to pursue domestic development in their respective nations. The success of ASEAN was the ability to house a community of nations whom were independent and sovereign with different historical pasts, multitudes in diversity of languages and beliefs and rarely any overlap of culture to peacefully co-exist. Aspects of diversifying historical pasts, and intra-regional conflicts didn’t hinder the forging of the association, the ten Southeast Asian nations were able to overcome suspicions of one another and set aside latent hostilities.

欧洲联盟的亚洲对应机构是东南亚国家联盟，也称为东盟。1976年8月8日，当泰国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾和新加坡的外交部长齐聚一堂签署《曼谷宣言》时，该协会成立了这个新成立的协会，希望管理和遏制地区内的冲突。该协会发展到十个成员，另外还有新加坡、文莱、柬埔寨、老挝和越南。目标延伸到维护和平，并在一个饱受战争蹂躏的社区中实现稳定，以确保每个成员都能自由地在各自国家追求国内发展。东盟的成功在于能够容纳一个拥有不同历史背景、多种语言和信仰、很少有文化重叠的独立主权国家共同体，从而和平共处。由于历史历史的多样化和地区内的冲突并没有阻碍该联盟的建立，这十个东南亚国家得以克服彼此的猜疑，搁置了潜在的敌对行动。

ASEAN in its inception established a means of non-intervention and non-binding agreement, the inability to impose disciplines on any of its members. The approach to the ASEAN model is under the foundation of consultation and consensus which allows for a decision based on the majority before implementation. In attesting the ASEAN model, the process and approach to solving issues relies on the ‘ASEAN Way’ that reflects and respects cultural norms in Southeast Asia,

东盟在成立之初就确立了一种不干预和不具约束力的协议，即不能对其任何成员国施加纪律。东盟模式的做法是在协商和共识的基础上进行的，协商和共识允许在实施之前根据多数作出决定。在证明东盟模式时，解决问题的过程和方法依赖于反映和尊重东南亚文化规范的“东盟方式”，

“A working process or style that is informal and personal. Policymakers constantly utilize compromise consensus, and consultation in the informal decision-making process. Quiet diplomacy allows ASEAN leaders to communicate without bringing the discussions into the public view.” (Masilamni and Peterson)

“一种非正式和个人的工作过程或风格。决策者在非正式决策过程中不断利用妥协共识和协商。安静的外交使东盟领导人能够在不将讨论带入公众视野的情况下进行沟通。”

ASEAN did indeed progress but without flaws and missteps of their own, this Asian collective failed to resemble the progress of the EU with historical pasts unreconciled and still damaging relationships between Southeast Asian members. For example, the dispute of the Preah Vihear Temple located in Cambodia standing as a World Heritage site, struggled to resolve with Thailand. The historical site stands on Cambodian sovereignty but was under Thai occupation until Cambodia’s independence in 1954. The UN has granted that Thailand remove military personnel as the site rightfully belongs to Cambodia, this territorial dispute has sparks major clashes between the border of the neighboring Southeast Asian countries. One settled by the United Nations through the International Court of Justice but stands as contention between Cambodia and Thailand. Reconciliation hasn’t been an agenda between the two over a 900-year-old Hindu temple.

东盟确实取得了进步，但没有自身的缺陷和失误，这一亚洲集体未能与欧盟的进步相提并论，历史的过去无法调和，东南亚成员国之间的关系仍然受到破坏。例如，位于柬埔寨的柏威夏寺（Preah Vihear Temple）被列为世界遗产，与泰国之间的争端难以解决。这座历史遗址是柬埔寨的主权所在，但在1954年柬埔寨独立之前一直处于泰国的占领之下。联合国已批准泰国撤走军事人员，因为这座遗址理应属于柬埔寨，这场领土争端引发了邻国东南亚国家之间的重大冲突。联合国通过国际法院解决了一个争端，但这是柬埔寨和泰国之间的争端。和解并不是两人在一座900多年历史的印度教寺庙中的议程。

Although there are territorial disputes, and misalignment in political institutions, ASEAN is by far the most advanced of cooperatives amongst the efforts to regional groupings, taking the EU not by emulation but by examples. The ability for ASEAN to adapt progress of the integration model of the EU into ASEAN applicable means plays homage to the ‘ASEAN way’ of doing things that are sometimes unorthodox and against the grain. An example of using the EU as an exemplar inspiration and not by example is regularly sending delegates to Brussels to seek ideas from the EU experience. In this admiration of inspiration of the ASEAN of the progress of the EU, displays elements that differ from the Asian Association to that of the European Union and how the Western model isn’t necessary applicable to befit the Asian. ASEAN establishes a strictly inter-governmental body, with no interest in or indication of relinquishing means to share sovereignty between the nation members, and additionally, for ASEAN to emulate the EU model would require the ASEAN members to prerequisite a certain set of requirements to progress into integration based the EU model. Requirements that predetermine that integration breeds mutual political will and shared beliefs in the success of the long-term goal of the high level of integration is historical reconciliation for ASEAN members. Reconciliation did not take place as the nations differed on many aspects for example…

尽管存在领土争端和政治机构的错位，但东盟是迄今为止区域集团努力中最先进的合作组织，以欧盟为榜样而不是效仿。东盟能够将欧盟一体化模式的进展纳入东盟适用的手段，这是对“东盟方式”的致敬，这种方式有时是不正统的，而且是违反规则的。利用欧盟作为榜样而不是以身作则的一个例子是定期派遣代表前往布鲁塞尔，从欧盟的经验中寻求想法。在这种对东盟对欧盟进步的鼓舞的钦佩中，展示了不同于亚洲联盟和欧盟的元素，以及西方模式如何不必适用于亚洲人。东盟建立了一个严格的政府间机构，没有兴趣或迹象表明放弃在国家成员之间分享主权的手段，此外，为了东盟效仿欧盟模式，东盟成员国必须先满足一定的要求，以推进基于欧盟模式的一体化。要求东盟成员国实现历史和解，这一要求预先确定了一体化将孕育相互政治意愿和共同信念，以实现高度一体化的长期目标。和解没有发生，因为各国在许多方面存在分歧，例如…

Without such reconciliation, the necessary political will and shared belief towards a long-standing goal of integration on the merits of shared sovereignty diminished which led to the operations and leader of ASEAN to be one of inter-governmental rather than through a common institution. Although ASEAN has made innumerable declarations to emulate the European Union integration model, their words of rhetoric reflected in their actions as unmatched with their words.

如果没有这种和解，在共同主权的基础上实现一体化这一长期目标的必要政治意愿和共同信念就会减弱，这导致东盟的运作和领导人成为一个政府间机构，而不是通过一个共同机构。尽管东盟已经发表了无数的宣言来效仿欧盟一体化模式，但他们的言辞在行动中体现得与他们的言词不符。

The present ASEAN development process poses a challenge to the traditional Anglo-Saxon capitalist models as it contested the reformed rules-based system of global governance. The pressure that the EU and the EU places on ASEAN members regarding labor, social environment, and human rights if seen through as a success in pressure assimilation, actually presents itself as a disadvantaging stage in the development of the Asian model if implemented as the model itself is far beyond Western pressures to curb issues. The ideology of ASEAN itself embodied the ‘ASEAN Way’, a means of consultation and consensus, similar to that of the EU model but in the Eastern agenda, practiced non-interference with non-binding agreements to accompany decisions made and policies to follow. The problem with an open-ended agreement meant no enforcement to curb behaviors and the inability to impose disciplines, essentially heavy-hearted words with empty actions to fulfill promises.

当前的东盟发展进程对传统的盎格鲁撒克逊资本主义模式提出了挑战，因为它对改革后的基于规则的全球治理体系提出了挑战。欧盟和欧盟在劳工、社会环境和人权方面对东盟成员国施加的压力，如果被视为压力同化的成功，那么实际上，如果将其作为模式本身来实施，则会成为亚洲模式发展的不利阶段，这远超西方遏制问题的压力。东盟本身的意识形态体现了“东盟之路”，这是一种协商和共识的手段，类似于欧盟模式，但在东方议程中，实践了不干涉，并签订了不具约束力的协议，以伴随所做的决定和所遵循的政策。开放式协议的问题意味着没有强制措施来遏制行为，也意味着没有能力实施纪律，基本上是言辞沉重，行动空洞，无法兑现承诺。

ASEAN’s point of enlargement on taking new members in 1997 introduced members of Myanmar and Laos with the expectation to solve and contain regional problems with Myanmar at the time housed a closed economy with a military regime as leadership, economic crisis and cross-border pollution. The trifecta of expectations created the illusion of integration with the confidence between members but instead exhibited loose inter-governmental cooperation. Myanmar’s triple threat posed a threat to an initiating cooperative of its region members but ASEAN overlooked this threat and extended the membership regardless.

1997年，东盟关于接纳新成员国的扩大观点引入了缅甸和老挝成员国，希望解决和遏制缅甸的地区问题，当时缅甸经济处于封闭状态，以军事政权为主导，经济危机和跨界污染。三种期望造成了成员之间相互信任的融合错觉，但反而表现出松散的政府间合作。缅甸的三重威胁对其区域成员国发起的合作构成了威胁，但东盟忽视了这一威胁，不顾一切地延长了成员国资格。

“The incorporation of countries like Myanmar with its military regime and closed economy represented a new extreme in ASEAN’s diversity. This in itself would have tested the Association’s claim to deeper integration as ASEAN has not found a way to reconcile its breadth with its attempts to achieve a greater depth of integration” (Henderson 1999, 74-76).

“像缅甸这样的国家与其军事政权和封闭经济的融合代表了东盟多样性的一个新的极端。这本身将考验东盟对更深层次一体化的主张，因为东盟尚未找到一种方法来调和其广度与实现更大深度一体化的努力”。

The ‘ASEAN Way’ became a means to avoid rather than solve issues and conflict, the complementing of informal operations and non-binding agreements imposed no tangible means of success and integration. The ASEAN Way in this examination doesn’t pose as a threat to the integration of its members but rather examined through a behavioral lens of informality in actions that isn’t present in the European Union attributes, the lack of formal operations and behaviors may ill-fit the EU model.

“东盟之路”成为一种避免而不是解决问题和冲突的手段，对非正式行动和非约束性协议的补充并没有强加任何成功和融合的具体手段。本次审查中的东盟方式并没有对其成员国的一体化构成威胁，而是通过欧盟属性中不存在的非正式行为的行为视角进行审查，缺乏正式运作和行为可能不符合欧盟模式。

The inceptions of the European Union juxtaposed with the later formation of ASEAN provides a historical overview on the ability in identifying commonalities and interests for the two groups of nations coming together as a collective. In their respective collectives, ASEAN and the EU share numerous elements that prove their successful integration, but having the EU being the ‘superior’ model lends the thought of the possibility to befit the Western model with the Eastern. With the two models explained and deciphered, we resume the suitability in befitting the EU model within the fixtures of the ASEAN structure. The two are known and documented as both eliciting economic integration and community building to both foster and maintain security as well as further economic development. The best description of ASEAN’s use of the existing EU model without imposition from the Union to befit guidelines would be “admiration, not emulation”, this pronounces volumes on the actions ASEAN have already undertaken from both the successes and failures of the European Union. The admiration and not emulation can be attributed to skepticisms especially with Brexit and the consequences of the post-event in addition to EU-style regional integration increases doubt on the validity of not the EU model but its emulated nature on ASEAN’s. ASEAN’s inability and latent behavior to reconcile historical past illustrates the initial step of ASEAN’s incapability in emulating the EU model. ASEAN has never been more unanimous on the need for greater integration, but the capacity to make the necessary domestic political and economic adjustments to implement the reforms that are necessary to achieve the goals and objectives of integration in uneven amongst the different ASEAN member states. The late former secretariat to ASEAN, Dr. Surin Pitsuwan, elaborated that the EU served as an inspiration for ASEAN but never a model. An inspiration to guide ASEAN rather than an imposed steer of how-to suggests a road heading to demise.

欧洲联盟的理念与后来的东盟的形成相结合，提供了一个历史概览，说明了两个国家集团作为一个集体在确定共同点和利益方面的能力。在各自的集体中，东盟和欧盟有许多共同的要素，证明了它们的成功融合，但欧盟是“优越”的模式，这就有可能使西方模式与东方模式相适应。通过对这两个模型的解释和破译，我们恢复了在东盟结构固定框架内适合欧盟模式的适用性。众所周知，这两种做法都引发了经济一体化和社区建设，以促进和维护安全以及进一步的经济发展。东盟使用现有的欧盟模式，而不强加欧盟的指导方针，最好的描述是“钦佩，而不是效仿”，这表明东盟已经从欧盟的成功和失败中采取了大量行动。钦佩而不是效仿可以归因于怀疑，尤其是在英国脱欧的情况下，以及欧盟式的区域一体化所带来的后果，增加了人们对欧盟模式有效性的怀疑，而不是对欧盟模式的效仿，而是对东盟的效仿。东盟在调和历史过去方面的无能和潜在行为说明了东盟在模仿欧盟模式方面无能为力的最初一步。东盟从未像现在这样一致认为需要更大的一体化，但有能力进行必要的国内政治和经济调整，以实施必要的改革，从而在不同的东盟成员国之间实现一体化的目标和目的。已故的前东盟秘书处苏林·皮苏万博士（Dr.Surin Pitsuwan）详细阐述了欧盟对东盟的激励作用，但从未成为典范。指导东盟的灵感，而不是强加的指导方针，意味着一条走向灭亡的道路。

Models in their generality suggest emulation but downplays learning, without learning it inhibits growth, change and innovation, emulation doesn’t produce lessons learned and nor does it generate dynamic innovators but rather passive mimics. ASEAN can adopt many aspects and successes of the European Union but merely as an inspiring element and not a full-fledged guide as the two entities differ in mannerisms, operations and behaviors in their procedures that hinder such transfer of mimicking. The ASEAN Way of operations is the mannerisms that prohibits such transfer of guidelines and procedural operations housed by the European Union, the Qualified Majority Vote suggests a similarity in the consensus approach but the backroom conferences secluded from the public by ASEAN members suggests differently.

一般来说，模型建议模仿，但轻视学习，如果没有学习，它会抑制增长、变革和创新，模仿不会产生经验教训，也不会产生动态创新者，而是被动模仿。东盟可以采纳欧盟的许多方面和成功经验，但这仅仅是一个鼓舞人心的元素，而不是一个完整的指南，因为这两个实体在行为举止、操作和程序行为方面存在差异，阻碍了模仿的转移。东盟的运作方式是禁止欧盟转移指导方针和程序运作的方式，合格多数投票表明了共识方法的相似性，但东盟成员国与公众隔绝的幕后会议表明了不同的观点。

Emulation creates subjective benchmarks which allows for no feasible alternatives to the dominant model, in the case ASEAN and EU, the imposition of EU onto ASEAN breeds a form of Eurocentrism. The imposition by the EU regardless of validity of model strikes a force by the West onto Asia which romances dominance, although the European Union exhibits soft power with inclinations on intrinsic values, there are other means of assertion rather than projected imposition. The imposed force from the West, although in good intent to improve and expand markets in the East, presents itself as a dominant force by the West to ‘handle’ the East. This imposition and emulation of the EU model would have viewed as the West to overtake the East, and with the current rise of China, Asian nation states wish not to look beyond the Pacific for inspiration let alone a steer from elsewhere.

模仿创造了主观基准，这使得主导模式没有可行的替代方案，在东盟和欧盟的情况下，将欧盟强加给东盟滋生了一种欧洲中心主义。欧盟不顾模式的有效性强加给了亚洲一股西方的力量，这股力量象征着主导地位，尽管欧盟表现出了倾向于内在价值观的软实力，但也有其他的主张手段，而不是预测的强加。来自西方的强加力量，虽然出于改善和扩大东方市场的良好意图，但却表现为西方“处理”东方的主导力量。这种对欧盟模式的强加和效仿将被视为西方超越东方，而随着中国目前的崛起，亚洲国家不希望将目光投向太平洋以外的地区，更不希望从其他地方获得灵感。

The necessities that ASEAN must take in order to inspiringly succeed like the European Union and not simply emulate it would be to learn from the Union’s failures and adapting it to ASEAN in a manner than preserves inter-governmental operations as well promote unifying political will in attaining a long-term goal of sustained integration. An investment that ASEAN can consider follow in the footsteps of the Union would be placing national government’s interests of achieving long term goal of regional integration by all member states above domestic priorities. The push for integration should be one that synchronizes the public as well as the government that It is in their vital national interest to integrate. These elements ‘borrow’ the attributes that the European Union succeeds on and adapts it to the ASEAN model, this inspiration proves key points for ASEAN to improve in its own integration but suggests that the EU model needs improvement in order to be applied. The learning of the crisis in Europe that threatens the European Union fuels the need for ASEAN to take inspiration from the EU model rather than at total replicating.

东盟必须从欧盟的失败中吸取教训，使其适应东盟，以保持政府间运作，并促进政治意愿的统一，以实现持续一体化的长期目标。东盟可以考虑仿效欧盟的做法进行投资，将国家政府实现所有成员国区域一体化长期目标的利益置于国内优先事项之上。推动一体化的努力应该是让公众和政府同步认识到一体化符合他们的国家利益。这些要素“借用”了欧盟成功的特点，并使其适应东盟模式，这一灵感证明了东盟在自身一体化方面的关键点，但表明欧盟模式需要改进才能应用。对威胁欧盟的欧洲危机的了解促使东盟需要从欧盟模式中汲取灵感，而不是完全复制。

The merits of the European Union serve as inspiration for ASEAN integration and not as a total guideline for the Southeast Asian collective, the missteps and struggles of the EU model provides learning points for ASEAN to improve and implement, the successes of overcome historical differences between regional members provides reflection that differences in Southeast Asia are still prominent. The EU model holistically ill-fits the ASEAN model by the diversifying approach by the two collectives, the evolved formality of operations by each differ considerably and the approach to crisis cements that each deal with struggles in differently. The European Union still stands as the most successful regional collective to integrate upon a common goal, this Union presents itself as an exemplary model of both trials and tribulations of nations integrating, one that ASEAN views admirably and inspired. Success takes many forms and there is no single paved way to achieve it, the European Union represents one road to success and its success speaks volumes that outweigh their struggles that on the world stage provides lessons for inspired regions to integrate. As for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, it is adamant that ASEAN will make its own Way in achieving a high level of integration one that doesn’t mimic the EU model but mirrors in its success.

Coursework范文提出欧盟的优点是对东盟一体化的鼓舞，而不是东南亚集体的总体指导，欧盟模式的失误和斗争为东盟提供了改进和实施的学习点，克服区域成员之间历史差异的成功反映了东南亚的差异仍然突出。欧盟模式与东盟模式完全不符，因为这两个集体采取了多样化的方式，每个集体的运作方式都有很大的不同，而应对危机的方法也各不相同。欧洲联盟仍然是为实现共同目标而一体化的最成功的区域集体，这个联盟将自己视为各国一体化的考验和磨难的典范，东盟对此表示钦佩和鼓舞。成功有多种形式，没有一条平坦的道路可以实现，欧盟代表着一条通往成功的道路，它的成功比他们在世界舞台上的斗争更能说明问题，这为受鼓舞的地区提供了整合的经验教训。至于东南亚国家联盟，它坚定不移地认为，东盟将在实现高度一体化方面走自己的路，这一路不会模仿欧盟模式，但会反映其成功。本站提供各国各专业Coursework写作指导服务，如有需要可咨询本平台。