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英国格拉斯哥卡利多尼亚大学留学生娱乐与活动管理方面课程作业：How theorization of youth, youth identity and distinction help and support the planning, production and evaluation of cultural events
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论文题目：Youth， Entertainment and City
论文语言：英语论文 English
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论文专业：Entertainment and events Management
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学校国家：英国
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Introduction
In recent years ,it is inevitable and conspicuous that nature and city have been separated, and the harmony of community has been replaced by incomparable variety of the metropolis. New culture, new spaces, new demands and new opportunities, as fresh imperatives, guide cultural life into new networks, making shops and leisure facilities all grow up to satisfy the social and psychological requirements of the inhabitants. Of course, people’s daily lives are affected by others. There are great need for being noticed, so eccentricity, distinction, and the struggle for self-assertion play an important role in making a striking impression in the right time as brief as possible, which contributes to modern patterns of http://www.ukassignment.org/ygkczy/ consumption that involves in increasing the awareness of style. It is said that modern city is a sociologial entity instead of spatial entity. It is the culture and individual’s need that make sense both physically and mentally. As with to youth and cities, cities are backdrops, at the same time, they are influenced by youth’ s actions. Also cities make youth have to create new means and cultural representation. Normally, youth are deprived of common economy, which creates an atmosphere for them to create new well-known economic ways. They make their own marks and they are influenced by the city both negative and positive ways, even once youth rebellion had become a serious problem. Youth’s behavior has a significant effect on planning, production and evaluation of cultural events.
1.Definition of Youth and Youth Culture
Youth is a special time that between childhood and adulthood.[1] We all know that the actual maturity of an individual is not equal to their real chronological age. As a resulte, immature people can be found all the time. Often youth is associated with vigor, freshness or immaturity.
According to Robert Kennedy, the following worlds demand the characteristics of youth: not a time of life but a state of psychology, a temper of the will, a character of imagination, a predominance of courage over cowardice, of the desire for adventure over the life of ease.
Youth is the stage of constructing the Self-concept. The self-concept of youth is influenced by several variables such as peers, gender and culture.[3]
Youth culture is “the sum of the ways in which the youth live; it refers to the body of norms, values, and practices admitted and shared by members of the youth society as appropriate guides to behavior” This conception means that there are two cultures. The first one is about the symbolic system as well as how to keep and transform these ones;[4] the second one is that the youth culture is specific and is so different to the older ones. There are beliefs, behaviors, styles and interests in it.
Youth will focus on clothes, popular music, sports, vocabulary and some other things that is distinct from their parents or grandparents.[5] Many youth subcultures are involved when considering youth culture and these subcultures are different in norms, values, behaviors and styles, even may go against to the whole youth culture. How the young people evaluate cultural reflects youth identity, which has a relationship with the society of youth in their "natural environments"; such as , shopping houses, rock concerts ,school and so on. Moreover, it probes the impact of the outside world, such as media and music, on youth, the widely spreading of rock music and heavy metal bands can be as cases of young people sub-cultural feature.
2.Youth Influences
The youth can be a great strength when taking part in society. Youth-influenced revolutions in the 20th and 21th centuries prove this fact. For example, organizations of young people were important to the American Civil Rights Movement .There are many examples of this organization ,such as, the Southern Student Organizing Committee and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, who play important roles in protesting and other movements in the Civil Rights movement, which were significant to the final win. The Freedom Summer depended greatly on college ones; a great number of students take part in registering African Americans to make their point, serving as teachers in “Freedom Schools”, and founding the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. [6]
Some scholars study these trends and suggest that there are ties between youth and revolt, especially youth unable to find their identities in the society.
3.How to Influence
For decades, adults have worried that youth has a bad influence on subcultures which are the cause of moral degradation .And it will change the concept of values in the younger generation.[7]Researchers thinks youth culture is holding values that are on the opposite part of the adult world.[8]Most people view that young people do not like to go to school and learn knowledge. They have no interest in it. Instead, they are more keen on risks like drugs, sexual activities.[9]For this reason, many adults think that the youth are having different outlook to word life and a totally different points from the older generation.[10] However, researchers themselves are not reach an agreement about whether youth subcultures are different from the adult one. Even on the other hand, theorization of youth, youth identity and distinction help and support the planning, production and evaluation of cultural events.
3.1Youth Subculture
A youth subculture is a subculture invented and spread by young people, with differnt styles, behaviors, and interests. Youth subcultures offer individuals an identity different from them have got in their families, schools or work places .Youth subculture are hostile to the dominant culture called countercultures .Youth have their own music styles such as punk, raver and Juggles. These kinds of styles are influenced by the main culture but at the same time, they make some change .Socioeconomic class, gender, intelligence, conformity, morality, and ethnicity are crucial when talking about youth subcultures .Youth subculture is some kind of meaning systems. It is a certain mode of expression. It is created by subordinate structural positions when comparing with the main trend. The subculture can reflect a wider knowledge of all the people including the most ingored ones .It can express their desire to make moderate of the structure of the society and the order.[11] The term will represent an exclusive culture or faction. It is different from the broad culture or fashion, the main development of general views.[12] Subculture has nothing to do with geographic subsets. For example, the Chinese drum and the bass scene.
3.2Youth Voice
It is widely known that youth voice can be refered to unusual ideas, views, manners, actions of young people as a collective. The term which can be defined as youth voice often groups together a diversity of viewpoint and experiences, in spite of difference of backgrounds, faith and cultural .There is always connections between the various of young people activities, such as youth research leadership training and so on. Another research has make it clear that participating in youth voice is an necessary element of effective organizational development among community and youth-serving organizations.[13] A lot of youth community activities use youth voice as an critical cause to their successful operations.[14] Just like the School-oriented youth voice efforts include the VicSRC ,an Australian student voice organization.[15]There are some other examples, such as the Youth service, Youth activism, Youth leadership and Youth-led media.
3.3Rock and Roll
The term rock concert means a musical performance, many other music styles are inpired and influed by this one. There need a lot of vocal and instrumental styles to found a rock concert. Mostly, we need one electric guitar, bass guitar and drums. Rock and Roll concert are full of people with extreme behaviors. They are dancing, and singing with the singer .And ostentatious http://www.ukassignment.org/ygkczy/ displays by the musicians are usual, though some very successful rock bands have avoided gratuitous flash in favor of understated performances focusing on the music .Rock and Roll concert usually have an entertainment feel both for the band players and the audience. Bot rock music in general and the rock and roll concert are the emblematic of American culture’s waning methods. This concerts were important to the shape of youth identity in the U.S. during a time of social revolution, and have went on to represent sections of society frequently seen as "rebellious," especially when referring to the strictures of mid-twentieth-century social norm activities. It is no doubt that the most well-known rock concert called Woodstock. There are millions of smaller rock concert are held every year.#p#分页标题#e#
Conclusion
As above said, youth, youth identity and distinction help and support the planning, production and evaluation of cultural events by insisting on their distinct ideas, opinions, attitudes, knowledge and actions, which involves the different perspectives, experiences in spite of backgrounds, identities, and culture diversities. They try best to make themselves understood and influence others, to some degree, proving their value of existence.
Reference
[1]Macmillan Dictionary for Students Macmillan, Pan Ltd. (1981), page 1155. Retrieved 2010-7-15
[2] "Day of Affirmation, University of Cape Town, South Africa. June 6, 1966", Robert F. Kennedy Memorial. Retrieved 11/9/07
[3] Thomas, A. (2003) "Psychology of Adolescents", Self-Concept, Weight Issues and Body Image in Children and Adolescents, p. 88
[4] Rice, F. (1996). The adolescent: Development, relationships and culture (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
[5] [6] Fasick, Frank A. (1984). Parents, Peers, Youth Culture and Autonomy in Adolescence, Adolescence, 19(73) p.143-157
[8]Harrison, Benjamin T. (2000)'Roots of the Anti-Vietnam War Movement,' in Hixson, Walter (ed) the Vietnam Antiwar Movement. New York: Garland Publishing
[9]Meyer, David S. 2007.The Politics of Protest: Social Movements in America. New York: Oxford University Press
[1http://www.ukassignment.org/ygkczy/Youth-of-the-Arab-Spring-Among-TIMEs-100-Most-Influential/
[11]politics/the-cascading-effects-of-the-arab-spring-28575/
[12]Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescence. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
[13]Sugarman, Barry. Involvement in Youth Culture, Academic Achievement and Conformity in School: An Empirical Study of London Schoolboys. 1967. The British Journal of Sociology, 18. 151-164
[14]Parsons, T. (1954). Age and Sex in the Social Structure of the United States. In Essays in Sociological Theory, 89-103. New York: Free Press
[15]Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescence. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
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